Medieval European Literature

Joshua J. Mark
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Medieval literature developed in Europe from medieval folklore between c. 476 and c. 1500. The works ranged from poetry to drama, romance, prose, philosophical dialogues, and histories. Literary works were at first composed in Latin but, increasingly, in the vernacular after the 7th century. Today, many of these works are considered masterpieces of Western Literature.

This collection presents a brief overview of the greatest writers of the medieval period, though many are omitted in the interests of space. Margery Kempe and Julian of Norwich, for example, have not been included nor the musical genius Hildegard of Bingen, though all three are notable figures, as are many others only touched on in the following articles which include reference to famous works such as Beowulf and the Book of Kells, also omitted from the collection.

Articles & Definitions

Medieval Literature
Definition

Medieval Literature

Medieval literature is defined broadly as any work written in Latin or the vernacular between c. 476-1500, including philosophy...
Medieval Folklore
Definition

Medieval Folklore

Medieval folklore is a body of work, originally transmitted orally, which was composed between the 5th and 15th centuries in...
Illuminated Manuscripts
Definition

Illuminated Manuscripts

Illuminated manuscripts were hand-made books, usually on Christian scripture or practice, produced in Western Europe between...
Chretien de Troyes
Definition

Chretien de Troyes

Chretien de Troyes (l. c. 1130-1190 CE) was the greatest romantic poet of his era, regarded today as the Father of Arthurian...
Marie de France
Definition

Marie de France

Marie de France (wrote c. 1160-1215 CE) was a multilingual poet and translator, the first female poet of France, and a highly...
Courtly Love
Definition

Courtly Love

Courtly Love (Amour Courtois) refers to an innovative literary genre of poetry of the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 CE) which elevated...
Christine de Pizan
Definition

Christine de Pizan

Christine de Pizan (also given as Christine de Pisan, l. 1364 - c. 1430) was the first female professional writer of the Middle...
Dante Alighieri
Definition

Dante Alighieri

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) was an Italian poet and politician most famous for his Divine Comedy (c. 1319) where he descends through...
Petrarch
Definition

Petrarch

Petrarch (1304-1374 CE), full name Francesco Petrarca, was an Italian scholar and poet who is credited as one of the founders of the...
Giovanni Boccaccio
Definition

Giovanni Boccaccio

Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) was an Italian poet, writer, and scholar. His most famous and influential work is the Decameron...
Geoffrey Chaucer
Definition

Geoffrey Chaucer

Geoffrey Chaucer (l. c. 1343-1400 CE) was a medieval English poet, writer, and philosopher best known for his work The Canterbury...
The Canterbury Tales
Definition

The Canterbury Tales

The Canterbury Tales (written c. 1388-1400 CE) is a medieval literary work by the poet Geoffrey Chaucer (l. c. 1343-1400 CE...
Grail Legend
Definition

Grail Legend

The Grail Legend (also known as the Grail Quest, Quest for the Holy Grail) developed in Europe c. 1050-1485 CE. It most likely originated...
Thomas Malory
Definition

Thomas Malory

Sir Thomas Malory (c. 1415-1471 CE) was an English knight during the War of the Roses (1455-1487 CE) best known for his highly influential...
The Literary Development of the Arthurian Legend
Article

The Literary Development of the Arthurian Legend

The Arthurian legend begins with the Welsh cleric Geoffrey of Monmouth (c. 1100 - c. 1155 CE). Earlier...

Illustrations

Questions & Answers

When was medieval European literature written?

Medieval literature was written between c. 476-1500.

What were the genres of medieval literature?

The most popular genre of medieval literature was poetry but also included prose, romance, drama, myth, philosophical or religious dialogues, and histories.

Were there any female writers of medieval literature?

Yes. Notable female writers of medieval literature include Christine de Pizan, Marie de France, Margery Kempe, and Julian of Norwich.

Who is the most famous author of literature in Middle English?

Geoffrey Chaucer is the most famous author in Middle English and his best known work is The Canterbury Tales.
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