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Map of the Roman Rule in Britain c. 43 - 410 CE - Four Centuries of Empire at the Edge of the World
Roman rule in Britain developed between 43 and 410 CE, reshaping the island from a mosaic of tribal societies into a province integrated into the political, economic, and cultural structures of the Roman Empire. Although Julius Caesar’s expeditions...
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Map of the Hadrian’s wall (Vallum Hadriani) c. 122 CE
Hadrian’s Wall was constructed from c. 122 CE onward during the reign of Emperor Hadrian (reign 117–138 CE) as part of a broader imperial strategy to consolidate, rather than endlessly expand, Roman power. Running 73 miles (118 km) across...
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Map of the World Known to Europeans in 1000 CE
Around 1000 CE, European knowledge of the wider world was limited, uneven, yet slowly expanding, shaped less by direct exploration than by inherited classical learning, religious frameworks, and selective contact through trade and pilgrimage...
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Map of Roman Rule in Asia Minor, c. 200 CE
This map illustrates the geopolitical landscape of Asia Minor during the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus (193–211 CE), around the year 200 CE. By this time, the peninsula (modern-day Turkey) had been under Roman rule for more than two...
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The Roman Empire and the Crisis of the Third Century, c. 270 CE - Pretenders, Breakaways, Plague, and the Fight for Unity
The Crisis of the Third Century (235–284 CE) began with the assassination of Emperor Severus Alexander (reign 222–235 CE) in 235 CE, triggering the collapse of centralized imperial authority. Over the next five decades, Roman power fractured...
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Map of Roman Hispania c. 125 CE
The Roman provinces in Hispania (206 BCE–c. 474 CE) illustrate both the persistence of Roman expansion and the durability of imperial rule. The conquest began in the Second Punic War, when Rome displaced Carthage in 206 BCE, and unfolded...
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Map of the Travels of Hadrian & the Roman Empire c. 125 CE
This map illustrates the Roman Empire under Emperor Hadrian (r. 117–138 CE), who succeeded Trajan (r. 98–117 CE) at the height of Rome’s territorial expansion. Unlike his predecessor, Hadrian chose consolidation over conquest, shaping the...
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Umayyad Conquest, 7th & 8th Centuries CE
Map showing the Umayyad Arab (Islamic) expansion throughout the 7th and 8th centuries CE. In dark green is depicted the extent of Islam up until the death of Mohammed (622-632 CE); in the intermediate green is shown the conquests of Rashidun...
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Map of the Holy Roman Empire, 1648 CE
Map of the Holy Roman Empire depicting its boundaries following the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 CE.
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Map of the Herodian Tetrarchy in the Levant, c. 5 CE
This map illustrates the geopolitical situation in the Levant after the death of Herod the Great (ruled 37–4 BCE), the ambitious client king of Judea appointed by the Roman Senate. His death marked the breakup of his kingdom into the Herodian...
