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Ancient Greek Inventions
Article by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Greek Inventions

The ancient Greeks are often credited with building the foundations upon which all western cultures are built, and this impressive accolade stems from their innovative contributions to a wide range of human activities, from sports to medicine...
Mesopotamian Art and Architecture
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Art and Architecture - The Birth of Art and Architecture in the Ancient World

Ancient Mesopotamian art and architectural works are among the oldest in the world, dating back over 7,000 years. The works first appear in northern Mesopotamia prior to the Ubaid period (circa 6500-4000 BCE) and then developed in the south...
Mesopotamian Government
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Government - Helping and Serving the Gods

Ancient Mesopotamian government was based on the understanding that human beings were created to help and serve the gods. The high priest, king, assembly of elders, governors, and any other officials were recognized as stewards chosen by...
Mesopotamian Education
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Education - Creating the First Written Works in History

Mesopotamian education was invented by the Sumerians following the creation of writing circa 3600/3500 BCE. The earliest schools were attached to temples, but later schools were established in separate buildings, in which the scribes of ancient...
Mesopotamian Warfare
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Warfare

Ancient Mesopotamian warfare progressed from companies of a city's militia in Sumer to the professional standing armies of Akkad, Babylon, Assyria, and Persia and from conflicts over land or water rights to wars of conquest and political...
The Aftermath of Looting: Illegally Excavated Mesopotamian Tablets
Article by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Aftermath of Looting: Illegally Excavated Mesopotamian Tablets

He who saw everything in the broad-boned earth, and knew what was to be known, Who had experienced what there was, and had become familiar with all things. The Epic of Gilgamesh. The tornado has started After the US-led invasion of...
Mesopotamian Naru Literature
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Naru Literature - The World's First Historical Fiction

Mesopotamian Naru Literature was a literary genre, first appearing around the 2nd millennium BCE, which featured a famous person (usually a king) from history as the main character in a story that often concerned humanity's relationship with...
Mesopotamian City Laments
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian City Laments - Suffering And The Will Of The Gods

The question "Why do bad things happen to good people?" has been asked for millennia, probably since before writing was invented, but at least since circa 1700 BCE when the Sumerian (and later Babylonian) poem, Ludlul-Bel-Nemeqi (also known...
Mesopotamia
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamia - The Beginning of Beginnings

Mesopotamia (from the Greek, meaning "between two rivers") was an ancient region located in the Near East (Middle East) bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to modern-day...
A Gallery of Mesopotamian Religion
Image Gallery by Joshua J. Mark

A Gallery of Mesopotamian Religion

Mesopotamian religion was informed by the belief that humans were co-workers with the gods in maintaining the order created at the beginning of time and so religious expression was integral to daily life in ancient Mesopotamia in how they...
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