21 Famous Women of World History

Joshua J. Mark
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This collection presents biographies of 21 famous women from world history but those included represent only a small fraction of the many women, from ancient times to the present, who have made a lasting impression on the people of their time and altered the course of their nation’s narrative.

There are many notable women omitted from this collection such as Cynisca of Sparta, the first female Olympic champion, and Pherenike the Female Olympic Trainer. Hipparchia of Maroneia, the Cynic philosopher, Aspasia of Miletus, Gorgo of Sparta, Cynane, the half-sister of Alexander the Great, and a host of other impressive women deserve mention. The following, therefore, are understood as representatives of the many women throughout history who chose to chart their own course in life.

Articles & Definitions

Hatshepsut
Definition

Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut (r. 1479-1458 BCE) was the first female ruler of ancient Egypt to reign as a male with the full authority of pharaoh. Her...
Artemisia I of Caria
Definition

Artemisia I of Caria

Artemisia I of Caria (l. 480 BCE) was the queen of the Anatolian region of Caria (south of ancient Lydia, in modern-day Turkey...
Telesilla of Argos
Definition

Telesilla of Argos

Telesilla of Argos was a lyric poet of the 5th century BCE, listed by Antipater of Thesalonike (c. 15 BCE) as one of the great...
Zenobia
Definition

Zenobia

Zenobia (b. c. 240 CE, death date unknown) was the queen of the Palmyrene Empire who challenged the authority of Rome during the latter...
Queen of Sheba
Definition

Queen of Sheba

The Queen of Sheba is the monarch mentioned in the Bible and then in later works who travels to Jerusalem to experience the wisdom...
Sappho of Lesbos
Definition

Sappho of Lesbos

Sappho of Lesbos (l. c. 620-570 BCE) was a lyric poet whose work was so popular in ancient Greece that she was honored in statuary...
Queen Himiko
Definition

Queen Himiko

Queen Himiko, also known as Pimiko or Pimiku (183? - 248 CE), was a 3rd-century CE ruler of the territory in ancient Japan known...
Hypatia of Alexandria
Definition

Hypatia of Alexandria

Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 - March 415) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly...
Boudicca
Definition

Boudicca

Boudicca (d. 61 CE) was the Celtic queen of the Iceni tribe of modern-day East Anglia, Britain, who led a revolt against Rome in 60/61...
Empress Theodora
Definition

Empress Theodora

Theodora reigned as empress of the Byzantine Empire alongside her husband, Emperor Justinian I, from 527 CE until her death in...
Wu Zetian
Definition

Wu Zetian

Empress Wu Zetian (Empress Consort Wu, Wu Hou, Wu Mei Niang, Mei-Niang, and Wu Zhao, l. 624-705 CE, r. 690-704 CE) was the only female...
Mavia
Definition

Mavia

Mavia (r. c. 375-c. 425 CE) was a warrior-queen of the semi-nomadic Tanukhid Arab tribe of Syria and Jordan who led a successful insurrection...
Kahina
Definition

Kahina

Kahina (7th century CE) was a Berber (Imazighen) warrior-queen and seer who led her people against the Arab Invasion of North Africa in...
Hildegard of Bingen
Definition

Hildegard of Bingen

Hildegard of Bingen (also known as Hildegarde von Bingen, l. 1098-1179) was a Christian mystic, Benedictine abbess, and polymath...
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Definition

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Eleanor of Aquitaine (l. c. 1122-1204 CE) was one of the most impressive and powerful figures of the High Middle Ages (1000-1300...
Christine de Pizan
Definition

Christine de Pizan

Christine de Pizan (also given as Christine de Pisan, l. 1364 - c. 1430) was the first female professional writer of the Middle...
Elizabeth I of England
Definition

Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603. Her 44-year reign was so long and packed with momentous events...
Anne Bonny
Definition

Anne Bonny

Anne Bonny (also Bonney) was an Irish-born pirate who briefly operated in the waters around the Bahamas before her capture by the...
Pocahontas
Definition

Pocahontas

Pocahontas (l. c. 1596-1617, also known as Amonute, Matoaka) was the daughter of Wahunsenacah (l. c. 1547 - c. 1618, also known as...
Mary Wollstonecraft
Definition

Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an Enlightenment philosopher who, as author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, is...
Queen Victoria
Definition

Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria of Great Britain (r. 1837-1901) was one of the most loved of all Britain's monarchs. Her longevity, devotion to...

Illustrations

Questions & Answers

Who are some of the most famous women in world history?

There are many famous women in world history but, among them, are Hatshepsut, Queen Himiko, Boudicca, Kahina, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen Elizabeth I, Pocahontas, and renegades like Ann Bonny and Mary Read.

Was Mulan a real person?

No. Mulan is a legendary character from the Chinese Northern Wei Period (386-535 CE).

Is Telesilla of Argos a real historical figure?

Yes. She was a poet of distinction before her famous defense of Argos against the Spartans.

Who is the most famous woman in world history?

The most famous woman in world history is probably the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, honored by Christians and Muslims, although some would argue against her historicity.
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