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William III of England
William III of England (also William II of Scotland, r. 1689-1702) became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Protestant William, Prince of Orange, was invited to rule jointly with his wife Mary II...

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Examination of Louis the Last
A depiction of the examination of King Louis XVI of France during his trial on 26 December 1792, with a description that read "the examination of Louis the Last". Illustration by Éléonore Sophie Rebel in Histoire-musée de la république Française...

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Louis XVI on the Scaffold
At around 10 am on 21 January 1793, King Louis XVI of France was executed at the age of 38. This engraving depicts the executioner, Charles-Henri Sanson's attempt to bind the king's hands. Louis had begun to resist until his confessor, the...

Video
Louis Armstrong - 'Twas The Night Before Christmas
“A Visit From St. Nicholas (‘Twas the Night Before Christmas)” by Louis Armstrong from the album “Louis Wishes You A Cool Yule.” Subscribe and ring the bell to never miss an update from Louis Armstrong: https://Verve.lnk.to/LouisYTID Purchase...

Definition
Assembly of Notables of 1787
The meeting of the Assembly of Notables in 1787 was a last-ditch effort by the ministers of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) to fix the disastrous condition of French finances. The assembly failed to agree on a series of radical financial...

Article
La Rochelle, a Protestant Stronghold of the French Reformation
La Rochelle emerged early in the French Reformation as a Protestant political and military center. The city's fortifications withstood repeated sieges over the years. In 1627, La Rochelle was besieged by Cardinal Richelieu (l. 1585-1642...

Definition
Hundred Days
The Hundred Days refers to the second reign of French Emperor Napoleon I, who unexpectedly returned from exile to reclaim the French throne. It encompasses Napoleon's triumphant return to Paris on 20 March 1815, his climactic defeat at the...

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Trial of Louis XVI
The trial of King Louis XVI of France, on 26 December 1792, engraving by Reinier Vinkeles, c. 1793-96. Louis himself can be seen prominently in the lower right, holding a sheet of paper from which he reads his defense. He is flanked by his...

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Louis XVII and Antoine Simon
Louis-Charles de France (Louis XVII of France) and his jailor, the cobbler Antoine Simon; later royalist writers told of the abuses inflicted by Simon. Engraving by Yan' Dargent, from Histoire de la Révolution by Adolphe Thiers, Ed. 1866...

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Louis XVII of France
Portrait of the dauphin Louis-Charles de France (1785-1795), recognized by royalists as King Louis XVII of France. Oil on canvas by Alexander Kucharsky, 1792.
Palace of Versailles.