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Execution of Louis XVI
Engraving depicting the execution of King Louis XVI of France by guillotine on 21 January 1793, in the Place de la Revolution, Paris. The executioner displays his severed head to the crowd. Engraving by Isidore Stanislas Helman, after Charles...

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King Louis XVI of France in Grand Royal Costume, 1779
Louis XVI, king of France and Navarre, wearing his grand royal costume in 1779, oil on canvas by Antoine-François Callet, 1789.
Palace of Versailles.

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Bust of Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just
Bust of Louis Antoine de Saint-Just by French sculptor David d'Angers, 1848.
David d'Angers Gallery, Angers, France.
Photo credits to Wikipedia user Selbymay, 2011.

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Portrait of Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke of Orléans, Known as Philippe Égalité
Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, also known as Philippe Égalité (1747-1793), oil on canvas portrait by Antoine-François Callet, c. late 18th century.
Palace of Versailles.

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Portrait of Louis Philippe II d'Orleans, as the Duke of Chartres
Portrait of Louis Philippe II d'Orléans, as the Duke of Chartres. Oil on canvas, after Joshua Reynolds, c. 1779.
Musée Condé, Chantilly.

Definition
Eighth Crusade
The Eighth Crusade of 1270 CE was, like the Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE), led by the French king Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE). As previously, the idea was to attack and defeat the Muslims first in Egypt and then either reconquer or negotiate...

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Portrait of Louis-Charles in the Temple, 1793
Portrait of Louis-Charles, dauphin of France (1785-1795) who was recognized by royalists as King Louis XVII of France, during his imprisonment in the Tower of the Temple. In July 1793, he was separated from his family to be "reeducated" in...

Definition
Johannes Hevelius
Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687) was a Polish astronomer based in Danzig (Gdańsk). He worked from his own privately funded observatory, creating maps of the Moon's surface, discovering the first variable star, and spotting several new comets...

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Louis Armstrong - 'Twas The Night Before Christmas
“A Visit From St. Nicholas (‘Twas the Night Before Christmas)” by Louis Armstrong from the album “Louis Wishes You A Cool Yule.” Subscribe and ring the bell to never miss an update from Louis Armstrong: https://Verve.lnk.to/LouisYTID Purchase...

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Observatories in the Scientific Revolution
The foundation of observatories during the Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) followed a process of evolution from entirely independent observatories operated by a single astronomer to private observatories which received state or private...