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Observatories in the Scientific Revolution
The foundation of observatories during the Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) followed a process of evolution from entirely independent observatories operated by a single astronomer to private observatories which received state or private...

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Portrait of Louis-Charles in the Temple, 1793
Portrait of Louis-Charles, dauphin of France (1785-1795) who was recognized by royalists as King Louis XVII of France, during his imprisonment in the Tower of the Temple. In July 1793, he was separated from his family to be "reeducated" in...

Definition
Hundred Days
The Hundred Days refers to the second reign of French Emperor Napoleon I, who unexpectedly returned from exile to reclaim the French throne. It encompasses Napoleon's triumphant return to Paris on 20 March 1815, his climactic defeat at the...

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Execution of Louis XVI
Engraving depicting the execution of King Louis XVI of France by guillotine on 21 January 1793, in the Place de la Revolution, Paris. The executioner displays his severed head to the crowd. Engraving by Isidore Stanislas Helman, after Charles...

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King Louis XVI of France in Grand Royal Costume, 1779
Louis XVI, king of France and Navarre, wearing his grand royal costume in 1779, oil on canvas by Antoine-François Callet, 1789.
Palace of Versailles.

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Bust of Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just
Bust of Louis Antoine de Saint-Just by French sculptor David d'Angers, 1848.
David d'Angers Gallery, Angers, France.
Photo credits to Wikipedia user Selbymay, 2011.

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Portrait of Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke of Orléans, Known as Philippe Égalité
Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, also known as Philippe Égalité (1747-1793), oil on canvas portrait by Antoine-François Callet, c. late 18th century.
Palace of Versailles.

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Portrait of Louis Philippe II d'Orleans, as the Duke of Chartres
Portrait of Louis Philippe II d'Orléans, as the Duke of Chartres. Oil on canvas, after Joshua Reynolds, c. 1779.
Musée Condé, Chantilly.

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Louis Philippe Accompanied by His Sons, by Horace Vernet
Louis Philippe accompanied by his sons (Louis Philippe accompagné de ses fils), painting by Horace Vernet (1789 - 1863).
Royal Castle of Amboise, France.

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Orleans Cathedral
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Sainte-Croix) of Orleans in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France, was first built in the 13th century CE on the site of a series of older churches dating back to the 4th century CE. The cathedral, which...