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The Mesopotamian Pantheon
The gods of the Mesopotamian region were not uniform in name, power, provenance or status in the hierarchy. Mesopotamian culture varied from region to region and, because of this, Marduk should not be regarded as King of the Gods in the same...

Article
Ashurbanipal's Collection of Sumerian and Babylonian Proverbs
Ashurbanipal's collection of Sumerian and Babylonian proverbs formed part of the famous Library of Ashurbanipal (7th century BCE) established at Nineveh for the express purpose of preserving the knowledge of the past for future generations...

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The Ancient City of Babylon: History of the Babylonian Empire
The ancient city of Babylon was a city in Mesopotamia which is now modern-day Iraq. The city of Babylon is so well known to many due to the many references to it in the Bible, although none of them are particularly glowing comments. The history...

Article
Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation - Full Text
The Enuma Elish (also known as The Seven Tablets of Creation) is the Babylonian creation myth whose title is derived from the opening lines of the piece, "When on High". The myth tells the story of the great god Marduk's victory over the...

Article
New Gilgamesh Fragment: Enkidu's Sexual Exploits Doubled
Sometimes it is the smallest discoveries that have the largest impact. When Alexandra Kleinerman and Alhena Gadotti found a new fragment of the Epic of Gilgamesh in 2015 CE, it did not seem to be particularly impressive. The broken tablet...

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Erotic Old Babylonian Plaque
This terracotta plaque depicts a naked slim woman. She wears a necklace and what appears to be a strap (in three vertical layers) above the pelvis, with one of its ends hanging down on the right thigh. The plaque might have been used for...

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Babylonian Marriage Market
Babylonian Marriage Market by Edwin Long, 1875 CE, Royal Holloway College, London.

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Necklaces from the Old Babylonian period
These 3 necklaces were founds inside graves. From Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. Old-Babylonian period, 2000-1500 BCE. The Sulaimaniya Museum, Iraq.

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Clay head from Old Babylonian period
Clay head from Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. Old Babylonian period, 2003-1959 BCE. The Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraq.

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Terracotta Cylinder of the Babylonian King Nabopolassar
This document records the king’s reconstructive work on the wall of the city of Babylon. From Babylon (modern Babel governorate), neo-Babylonian era, 625-605 BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The British Museum, London).