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Stela from Babylonian Marduk Temple
This stela came from the Temple of Marduk in Babylon. It is a commemorative monument set up in honour of a private individual called Adad-Etir. He was an official in the temple, known as 'the dagger bearer', and...
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Babylonian Cuneiform Lexical List
Late Babylonian lexical list of personal names on a clay tablet.
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Trade in the Byzantine Empire
Trade and commerce were essential components of the success and expansion of the Byzantine Empire. Trade was carried out by ship over vast distances, although for safety, most sailing vessels were restricted to the...
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Babylonian City under Assyrian Siege
Assyrian relief showing a siege, from the Central Palace at Nimrud (ancient Kalhu), Mesopotamia, Iraq. Date palms indicate that the city, most of which was on an adjacent slab, was probably Babylonia. The Assyrians...
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The Roman Empire in West Africa
At its fullest extent, the Roman Empire stretched from around modern-day Aswan, Egypt at its southernmost point to Great Britain in the north but the influence of the Roman Empire went far beyond even the borders of...
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Enheduanna - Poet, Priestess, Empire Builder - Redefining the Gods for the People
Enheduanna (circa 2300 BCE) is the world's first author and was the daughter (either literally or figuratively) of the great empire-builder Sargon of Akkad (reign 2334-2279 BCE...
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Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia, the name given to the multiple treaties, marked the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War. Signed on 24 October 1648, it aimed to secure political autonomy for the multitude of small states that made...
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Babylonian Tablet Mentioning Coin Payments
This tablet records the exact coins required for transaction in Babylon. Because coins could circulate for many years, freshly minted coins were less worn and had a better silver weight. The tablet specifies...
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Secret Babylonian Numbers
A compendium of ancient signs united the knowledge of generations of scholars. It includes pictographic symbols from around 3000 BCE and a secret number for each sign, for encoding texts. Circa 450 BCE. Clay tablet. From...
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Babylonian Cobblestones
A close-up view of the original cobblestones of the Processional Street at Babylon. Note the black bitumen!