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Wolof Empire
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Wolof Empire

The Wolof (aka Jolof or Djolof) Empire was a state on the coast of West Africa, located between the Senegal and Gambia rivers, which thrived from the mid-14th to mid-16th century CE. The empire prospered on trade thanks to the two rivers...
Ancient Persian Governors
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Persian Governors

The Achaemenid Persian Empire functioned as well as it did because of the efficient bureaucracy established by its founder Cyrus the Great (r. c. 550-530 BCE) which was administered through the satrapy system. A Persian governor of a province...
Pizarro & the Fall of the Inca Empire
Article by Mark Cartwright

Pizarro & the Fall of the Inca Empire

In 1533 CE the Inca Empire was the largest in the world. It extended across western South America from Quito in the north to Santiago in the south. However, the lack of integration of conquered peoples into that empire, combined with a civil...
Babylonian Clay Map from Nippur
Image by Mary Harrsch

Babylonian Clay Map from Nippur

A Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map of the fields, towns and palaces around Nippur. Kassite Period, 1550-1450 BCE. Nippur, Iraq.
Erotic Old Babylonian Plaque
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Erotic Old Babylonian Plaque

This terracotta plaque depicts a naked slim woman. She wears a necklace and what appears to be a strap (in three vertical layers) above the pelvis, with one of its ends hanging down on the right thigh. The plaque might have been used for...
Terracotta Cylinder of the Babylonian King Nabopolassar
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Terracotta Cylinder of the Babylonian King Nabopolassar

This document records the king’s reconstructive work on the wall of the city of Babylon. From Babylon (modern Babel governorate), neo-Babylonian era, 625-605 BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The British Museum, London).
Babylonian Palace Scene
Image by Amplitude Studios

Babylonian Palace Scene

Artist's impression of a scene in a Babylonian palace. The illustration takes inspiration from the Ishtar Gate as well as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Created by Amplitude Studios for the...
Cuneiform Tablet Listing the Names of Old Babylonian Kings
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Cuneiform Tablet Listing the Names of Old Babylonian Kings

This clay tablet mentions the names of the kings of Babylon (genealogy of the Hammurabi's dynasty) as far as the reign of Ammiditana (reigned 1683-1647 BCE). The list also mentions the names of several Amorite tribal ancestors, to whose spirits...
Babylonian Marriage Market
Image by Briangotts

Babylonian Marriage Market

Babylonian Marriage Market by Edwin Long, 1875 CE, Royal Holloway College, London.
Clay Mask from the Old Babylonian Era
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Clay Mask from the Old Babylonian Era

A clay mask depicting a face with acting expressions. Mesopotamian art usually portrays human faces in a poker-like configuration. This one has 3 small holes at the upper part which might have been used to attach it to a necklace with the...
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