Iberia: Did you mean...?

In ancient Celtic cultures, torcs were a common form of jewellery and were made from bronze, copper, silver, and gold. Torcs were not just exquisite works of Celtic art but also identified the wearer’s status and perhaps were believed to...

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095...

The War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814), known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, was the penultimate conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). The Sixth Coalition, which included Russia, Austria, Prussia, the United Kingdom, Sweden...

The War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) was a major conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) that was fought primarily in Central Europe between the First French Empire and its client states against the Austrian Empire, supported by the...

In 36 BCE, Mark Antony (83-30 BCE) invaded Parthia, hoping to render himself one of the great conquerors of the Greco-Roman world, but he was stymied by Parthian forces and obliged to undertake an arduous, costly retreat. What to make of...

A map illustrating the outbreak and course of the Second Punic War, a series of prolonged military conflicts between the Carthaginian (Punic) empire and the Roman Republic for domination over the western Mediterranean. Began in 218 BCE with...

A map illustrating the Caucasian states after the First Peace of Nisibis in 299 CE depicts a period of geopolitical stability and well-defined borders between the Roman and Sassanid Empires. This treaty, aimed at settling disputes and establishing...

Detail from the map “Bosporus, Maeotis, Iberia, Albania et Sarmatia Asiatica “ by CHRISTOPHORUS CELLARIUS (1638-1707), from the book “Notitiae Orbis Antiqui sive Geographiae Plenioris Tomus Alter Asiam et Africam“, printed in Leipzig by Gleditschi...

Gold. Weight: e.g. – 2,87 gr., 3,37 gr., 3,44 gr., 3,55 gr. d=18 mm., 19 mm., 20/21mm. Obverse: Draped bust of Valerian, laureted, right, a bit crude in style. Distorted Latin inscription: prototype – IMP. C. P. LIC. VALERIANVS AVG...

This phiale, on whose medallion the bust of a bearded male is represented, must have been made in one of the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire or in the Kingdom of Kartli (Iberia), which is located in what's modern Georgia. Goldsmithery...