Iberia: Did you mean...?

An Iberian funeral stela from Empuries. The design shows a a coiled iron spear or soliferreum, an action which was customary on burial. 6th century BCE. (Archaeological Museum, Empuries, Spain)

This granite stela dates from the Early or Middle Bronze Age. It was discovered in Cáceres, Spain. (Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid)

This stela is from Solana de Cabañas (Cabañas del Castillo, Cáceres), Spain and dates from the Late Bronze Age. It is made of slate, and it was unearthed in the late 19th century CE. This was the first specimen to be discovered in a series...

Silver. The weights range from 2,44 gr. to 3,23 gr. d= 26/27-29/30 mm. Obverse: Ohrmazd IV to the right. Legend in Pehlevi: hrm – aphzu (Ohrmazd Augustus). This is placed within onefold circle of the dots. Reverse: Cross on altar...

These clay bell beakers come from the Early Bronze Age necropolis of Ciempozuelos (Cuesta de la Reina, Madrid), Spain and they were found during excavations conducted in the late 19th century CE. (Ciempozuelos was the first Bell-Beaker necropolis...

Silver. The weights range from 2,70gr. to 2,98 gr. d=26/28-28/31mm. Obverse: Ohrmazd IV to the right. Legend in Pehlevi: hrm – aphzu (Ohrmazd Augustus). This is placed within onefold circle of the dots. Above two Asomtavruli letters...

Silver. Weight – 2,73 gr. d=24/25 mm. Obverse: Ohrmazd IV to the right. Legend in Pehlevi: hrm – aphzu (Ohrmazd Augustus). This is placed within onefold circle of the dots. Above two Asomtavruli letters ႿႭ for the name Jonber//Juansher...

Silver. The weights range from 2,92 gr. to 3,83 gr. d=30-31/34 mm. Obverse: Ohrmazd IV to the right. Legend in Pehlevi: hrm – aphzu (Ohrmazd Augustus), in front of the figure. Cross behind the figure. This is placed within onefold circle...

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095...

Carthaginian warfare has been overshadowed by defeat to Rome in the Punic Wars, but for six centuries before that Carthage was remarkably successful in conquering lucrative territories in North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and Sicily. By...