Early modern Europe: Did you mean...?

Themis statue holding the Scales of Justice and a sword in front of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal Building (Old Supreme Court) with the Bank of China tower behind.

Stage, Cerulean Tower Noh Theater, Tokyo, Japan.

The Congress of Vienna (September 1814–June 1815) marked a decisive attempt by Europe’s great powers to reconstruct political order after more than two decades of revolutionary and Napoleonic warfare (1792–1815). Led principally by Austria...

The Migration Period in Europe (c. 4th–6th centuries CE) marks a prolonged era of movement, conflict, and political transformation rather than a single moment of collapse. Following the death of Emperor Theodosius I (reign 379–395 CE) and...

One of the major motivating factors in the European Age of Exploration was the search for direct access to the highly lucrative Eastern spice trade. In the 15th century, spices came to Europe via the Middle East land and sea routes, and spices...

This map illustrates the situation in Europe in November 1920 in the aftermath of First World War (1914-18), as the continent was reshaped by the Treaty of Versailles (1919) and the Treaty of Sèvres (1920). The German Empire had collapsed...

Around 1450 CE, Europe and the Middle East were defined by fragmentation, declining medieval powers, and the rise of new regional states. The Byzantine Empire had contracted to Constantinople and a few outposts, while the Ottoman Empire under...

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (reign 1558–1603), England underwent a decisive commercial transformation, expanding its trade networks across northern and southern Europe at a moment of shifting geopolitical and economic balance. The...

A map of Europe displaying important cities that shaped its history, from antiquity to the present. Cities on the map represent key centers throughout history. Each city represents a distinct period from Athens, Rome, and Constantinople (now...

During World War II (1939-1945), Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler (rule 1933-1945) carried out the Holocaust, a systematic, state-directed genocide that resulted in the murder of approximately six million Jews, alongside millions of other...