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Definition
Despotate of the Morea
The Despotate of the Morea was a semi-autonomous appanage of the later Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines retook part of the Peloponnese in Southern Greece in 1262 CE, but the Morea was only officially governed by semi-autonomous despots of...
Definition
Athanaric
Athanaric (died c. 381 CE) was a king of the Thervingi Goths (better known as the Visigoths) and, according to some sources, the first and greatest king. He was of the noble Balts family of the Thervingi tribe and a relative of the later...
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Map of Byzantine Constantinople
Topographical map of Constantinople during the Byzantine period. Main map source: R. Janin, Constantinople Byzantine. Developpement urbain et repertoire topographique. Road network and some other details based on Dumbarton Oaks Papers 54...
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Map of Europe Before the Fall of Constantinople, c. 1450
Around 1450 CE, Europe and the Middle East were defined by fragmentation, declining medieval powers, and the rise of new regional states. The Byzantine Empire had contracted to Constantinople and a few outposts, while the Ottoman Empire under...
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Map of the Latin Empire: A Crusader State in Constantinople - Imperium Romaniae and the Fragmentation of Byzantium
The Imperium Romaniae, commonly known as the Latin Empire (1204–1261), emerged from the upheaval of the Fourth Crusade (1202–1204), when Western European forces captured and sacked Constantinople in 1204. This event brought an abrupt end...
Definition
First Crusade
The First Crusade (1095-1102) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor Alexios I...
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Mehmed II Conquers Constantinople
A 19th century CE painting by Benjamin-Constant depicting the triumphant entrance of Mehmed II, Ottoman Sultan, after his successful siege of Constantinople in 1453 CE.
Definition
Vercingetorix
Vercingetorix (82-46 BCE) was a Gallic chieftain who rallied the tribes of Gaul (modern-day France) to repel the Roman invasion of Julius Caesar in 52 BCE. His name means "Victor of a Hundred Battles" and was not his birth name but a title...
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The Gates of Constantinople
Mehmed II enters Constantinople through the Adrianople Gate on his way to the Hagia Sophia, painting by Fausto Zonaro (1854-1929).
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The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople
A painting by Delacroix (1798-1863 CE) depicting the entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople in 1204 CE during the Fourth Crusade. (Louvre, Paris)