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Carthage
Carthage was a Phoenician city-state on the coast of North Africa (the site of modern-day Tunis) which, prior the conflict with Rome known as the Punic Wars (264-146 BCE), was the largest, most affluent, and powerful political entity in the...

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Phoenician-Punic Ship
A Phoenician-Punic ship from a relief carving on a 2nd century CE sarcophagus

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Phoenician Small Ship
An Assyrian relief from King Sargon II's palace at Khorsabad showing a Phoenician ship transporting cedar logs. This type of vessel was probably used for coastal work and transporting goods to shore from larger cargo vessels. 8th century...

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Map of Tartessos with Phoenician and Greek colonies
A map of Tartessos, showing its sphere of influence, as well as Greek and Phoenician colonies in southern Spain.

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Phoenician Ship in a Storm
Artist's rendition of a Phoenician ship at sea during a storm. The Phoenicians were a great maritime people and often adorned their ships with horses' heads to honour Yamm, their god of the sea. Although Yamm could raise the seas to sink...

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Phoenician Sailors
Artist's impression of Phoenician seafarers leaving port. The Phoenicians were famous around the Mediterranean for their naval trade, exploration and colonization. Created by Amplitude Studios for the video game Humankind.

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Fleeing Phoenician Queen
This gypsum fragment shows a Phoenician queen holding a baby, fleeing in a boat from the invading Assyrian army. It was once part of limestone relief at the Throne room I of Sennacherib's palace at Nineveh. From the South-West Palace, Nineveh...

Definition
Writing
Writing is the physical manifestation of a spoken language. It is thought that human beings developed language c. 35,000 BCE as evidenced by cave paintings from the period of the Cro-Magnon Man (c. 50,000-30,000 BCE) which appear to express...

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Top 5 Archaeological Sites in Lebanon
Home to some of the Middle East’s most majestic ancient ruins, Lebanon has a rich and varied heritage with over 5,000 years of recorded history. Over the millennia, different conquering empires have left their footprints on the architecture...

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History of the Phoenicians: The Maritime Superpowers of the Mediterranean
The Phoenicians were the maritime superpowers of the Mediterranean. Their culture flourished and was at its most powerful between 1500 and 332 BCE when Alexander the Great entered the region and decimated the cities and their populations...