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Lullaby for a Son of Shulgi
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Lullaby for a Son of Shulgi

Lullaby for a Son of Shulgi is a Sumerian cradlesong from the reign of Shulgi of Ur (2029-1982 BCE) written for one of his sons. The lullaby follows a standard form of encouraging sleep through repetition coupled with the speaker's wishes...
Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess Full Text & Summary
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess Full Text & Summary

The Book of the Duchess is the first major work of the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer (l. c. 1343-1400 CE), best known for his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, composed in the last twelve years of his life and left unfinished at his death...
Shield of Heracles
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Shield of Heracles

The Shield of Heracles (also known as The Shield of Herakles, Aspis Herakleous) is a poem of 480 hexameter lines written by an unknown Greek poet in the style of Hesiod (lived 8th century BCE). It deals with the Greek hero Herakles (also...
Pachacamac
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Pachacamac

Pachacamac, located on the coast of Peru and 32 km south of Lima, was an important sacred site, oracle, and place of burial, which was visited by pilgrims of many ancient Andean cultures, including the Incas. The site, active for over 2,000...
Second Battle of El Alamein
Article by Mark Cartwright

Second Battle of El Alamein

The Second Battle of El Alamein (Oct-Nov 1942) was a major battle in North Africa during the Western Desert Campaigns of the Second World War (1939-45). The British Eighth Army led by General Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976) won a decisive...
Blitzkrieg
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Blitzkrieg - The Lightning War Tactic of Combined Arms

Blitzkrieg ('lightning war') is a military tactic combining air and land forces deployed at speed against the enemy's weaker points while the rear lines are simultaneously disrupted by acts of sabotage and bombing. Speed, concentration, and...
A Gallery of 20 Mummies from around the World
Image Gallery by Ibolya Horváth

A Gallery of 20 Mummies from around the World

Mummification is the natural or artificial preservation of the soft tissue of a dead body. Natural mummification can happen in extremely cold, dry, or anaerobic conditions. Perhaps the most famous example of a natural mummy preserved in ice...
Battle of Cold Harbor
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Cold Harbor - The 20-Minute Assault That Caused 7,000 Union Casualties

The Battle of Cold Harbor (31 May to 12 June 1864) was the final major engagement of the Overland Campaign, the large-scale Union offensive into Virginia in the final year of the American Civil War (1861-1865). It marked a devastating defeat...
Eridu Genesis
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Eridu Genesis

The Sumerian Flood Story (also known as the Eridu Genesis, The Flood Story, Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Deluge Myth) is the oldest Mesopotamian text relating the tale of the Great Flood which would appear in later works such as the Atrahasis...
Overland Campaign
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Overland Campaign - Throwing Men Into the Meat Grinder of the US Civil War

The Overland Campaign (4 May to 12 June 1864) was a major Union offensive into Virginia, launched during the final year of the American Civil War (1861-1865). It saw the Union Army of the Potomac fight the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia...
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