Mediterranean Sea: Did you mean...?

A 1941 photograph of a flight of Sea Hurricanes, the naval equivalent of the RAF Hawker Hurricane fighter plane. (Imperial War Museums)

Limestone grave-stela of a Greek woman from the Black Sea. Cape Tuzla (Taman, Russia), c. 100 BCE-100 CE. (Pushkin Museum, Moscow)

A memorial carved from limestone of an ancient Black Sea warrior with his spear and shield. The Bosphorus region of present-day Turkey, c. 125-50 BCE. (Pushkin Museum, Moscow.)

Painting by Vasily Polenov, 1899.

Brown grass on a body of water at Norden, Germany.

Beginning of the Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian of Nicomedia, Johann Froben and Nicolaus Episcopius, Basel 1533. Basel University Library. The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Latin: Periplus Ponti Euxini, Greek...

The Phoenicians were the maritime superpowers of the Mediterranean. Their culture flourished and was at its most powerful between 1500 and 332 BCE when Alexander the Great entered...

Ptolemaic Egypt was a naval power that exerted influence throughout the Eastern Mediterranean from its foundation in 330 BCE until Cleopatra's defeat by Augustus at the Battle of Actium in 30 BCE. The Ptolemaic Kingdom produced...

Stone statues overlook the Ariake Sea at Hara Castle, photograph by Matthew Allison, 4 October 2025. At the highest point of Hara Castle, where the inner ward housing the Shimabara Rebellion's leaders...

Sometime around 330 BCE, Pytheas, a little-known Greek merchant, embarked on an astonishing voyage. It was a voyage that would take him far beyond the known boundaries of the Mediterranean, into lands thought...