Mediterranean Sea: Did you mean...?

Painting by Vasily Polenov, 1899.

Beginning of the Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian of Nicomedia, Johann Froben and Nicolaus Episcopius, Basel 1533. Basel University Library. The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Latin: Periplus Ponti Euxini, Greek: Períplous toû Euxeínou...

The Phoenicians were the maritime superpowers of the Mediterranean. Their culture flourished and was at its most powerful between 1500 and 332 BCE when Alexander the Great entered the region and decimated the cities and their populations...

Ptolemaic Egypt was a naval power that exerted influence throughout the Eastern Mediterranean from its foundation in 330 BCE until Cleopatra's defeat by Augustus at the Battle of Actium in 30 BCE. The Ptolemaic Kingdom produced some of the...

The Philistines populated the coastal regions of Canaan from the 12th century BCE to their disappearance in 604 BCE. The word "Philistine" derives from the Hebrew ha-Plištim for the combination of several tribes of Syria and Judea with the...

Sometime around 330 BCE, Pytheas, a little-known Greek merchant, embarked on an astonishing voyage. It was a voyage that would take him far beyond the known boundaries of the Mediterranean, into lands thought to exist only in myth and legend...

Mosaic with a ketos (sea monster - Latinized as cetus) found at Caulonia (Monasterace) in the Casa del Drago, 3rd century BCE. Photo taken at the "Monsters. Fantastic Creatures of Fear and Myth" exhibition, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome...

An 1876 landscape painting in oils, The Sea at L'Estaque, by Paul Cézanne (1839-1906), the French post-impressionist artist. Cézanne lived in L'Estaque, 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Marseille, in the 1870s. The artist was captivated by the...

The c. 1490 CE engraving 'Battle of the Sea Gods' by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna (c. 1431-1506 CE). (Devonshire Collection, Chatsworth House, England)

Front cover of Empire of the Black Sea by Duane Roller. Published by Oxford University Press