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James Armistead Lafayette
Image by Unknown engraver, after John B. Martin

James Armistead Lafayette

James Armistead Lafayette, a Black Patriot who served as a spy for the Continental Army during the Siege of Yorktown. Engraved portrait by an unknown artist, based on an original painting by John B. Martin, c. 1824. Virginia Historical...
Siege of Yorktown
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Siege of Yorktown

The Siege of Yorktown (28 September to 19 October 1781) was the final major military operation of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). It resulted in the surrender of British general Lord Charles Cornwallis, whose army had been trapped...
Storming of the Bastille
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Storming of the Bastille

The Storming of the Bastille was a decisive moment in the early months of the French Revolution (1789-1799). On 14 July 1789, the Bastille, a fortress and political prison symbolizing the oppressiveness of France’s Ancien Régime was attacked...
Georges Danton
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Georges Danton

Georges Jacques Danton (1759-1794) was a French lawyer who became a prominent leader of the French Revolution (1789-1799). Danton played a major role in the overthrow of the French monarchy and the subsequent establishment of the First French...
African Americans in the American Revolution
Article by Harrison W. Mark

African Americans in the American Revolution

On the eve of the American Revolution (1765-1789), the Thirteen Colonies had a population of roughly 2.1 million people. Around 500,000 of these were African Americans, of whom approximately 450,000 were enslaved. Comprising such a large...
Battle of Monmouth
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Monmouth

The Battle of Monmouth (28 June 1778), or the Battle of Monmouth Court House, was the last battle of the Philadelphia Campaign during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). After abandoning control of Philadelphia, the British army under...
Assembly of Notables of 1787
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Assembly of Notables of 1787

The meeting of the Assembly of Notables in 1787 was a last-ditch effort by the ministers of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) to fix the disastrous condition of French finances. The assembly failed to agree on a series of radical financial...
Valley Forge
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Valley Forge

Valley Forge was the winter encampment of the Continental Army from 19 December 1777 until 18 June 1778, during one of the most difficult winters of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Despite being undersupplied, underfed, and plagued...
Conway Cabal
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Conway Cabal

The Conway Cabal was a movement undertaken by American military officers and political leaders to remove General George Washington from command of the Continental Army during the winter of 1777-78. These Patriot leaders had lost confidence...
Charles Cornwallis
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Charles Cornwallis

Charles Cornwallis (1738-1805), 1st Marquess and 2nd Earl Cornwallis, was a British military officer and statesman best known for surrendering to George Washington at the Siege of Yorktown, the final decisive engagement of the American Revolutionary...
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