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The Mesopotamian Pantheon
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The Mesopotamian Pantheon - The Ancient Gods and Goddesses of the Near East

The gods of the Mesopotamian region were not uniform in name, power, provenance or status in the hierarchy. Mesopotamian culture varied from region to region and, because of this...
Ashurbanipal's Collection of Sumerian and Babylonian Proverbs
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Ashurbanipal's Collection of Sumerian and Babylonian Proverbs

Ashurbanipal's collection of Sumerian and Babylonian proverbs formed part of the famous Library of Ashurbanipal (7th century BCE) established at Nineveh for the express purpose of preserving...
Captivity of Mary Rowlandson
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Captivity of Mary Rowlandson

Illustration of the capitivity of Mary Rowlandson. Published in Our greater country: being a standard history of the United States, 1901 CE. Henry Davenport Northrop (1836-1909 CE).
Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation - Full Text
Article

Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation - Full Text

The Enuma Elish (also known as The Seven Tablets of Creation) is the Babylonian creation myth whose title is derived from the opening lines of the piece, "When on High". The myth tells the story...
Nebuchadnezzar II
Definition

Nebuchadnezzar II

Nebuchadnezzar II (r. 605/604-562 BCE) was the greatest King of ancient Babylon during the period of the Neo-Babylonian Empire (626-539 BCE), succeeding its founder, his father, Nabopolassar (r. 626-605 BCE). He is best known...
Kingdom of Israel
Definition

Kingdom of Israel

The Kingdom of Israel occupied that part of the land on the Mediterranean Sea known as the Levant which corresponds roughly to the State of Israel of modern times. The region was known, historically, as part of Canaan, as Phoenicia...
New Gilgamesh Fragment: Enkidu's Sexual Exploits Doubled
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New Gilgamesh Fragment: Enkidu's Sexual Exploits Doubled

Sometimes it is the smallest discoveries that have the largest impact. When Alexandra Kleinerman and Alhena Gadotti found a new fragment of the Epic of Gilgamesh in 2015 CE, it did not seem to be...
Mesopotamian Literature
Definition

Mesopotamian Literature - The Earliest Works of the Imagination

Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed circa 2600 BCE after scribes, who had formerly been record-keepers, began composing original works in the region of Sumer. The Sumerians invented writing...
Clay head from Old Babylonian period
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Clay head from Old Babylonian period

Clay head from Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. Old Babylonian period, 2003-1959 BCE. The Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraq.
The Ancient City of Babylon: History of the Babylonian Empire
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The Ancient City of Babylon: History of the Babylonian Empire

The ancient city of Babylon was a city in Mesopotamia which is now modern-day Iraq. The city of Babylon is so well known to many due to the many references to it in the Bible, although none...
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