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German Crusade 1197-8 CE
Definition

German Crusade 1197-8 CE

The German Crusade of 1197 CE, also known as the 'Emperor's Crusade', was led by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI (r. 1191-1197 CE). Although the emperor died on his way east, his army did capture Beirut from the forces...
Chinese Literature
Definition

Chinese Literature

Chinese literature is among the most imaginative and interesting in the world. The precision of the language results in perfectly realized images whether in poetry or prose and, as with all great literature, the themes are timeless...
Fifth Crusade
Definition

Fifth Crusade

The Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE) was called by Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216 CE) with the objective, like previous crusades, of recapturing Jerusalem from Muslim control; only this time the strategy was to weaken the enemy by...
Sixth Crusade
Definition

Sixth Crusade

The Sixth Crusade (1228-1229 CE), which for many historians was merely the delayed final chapter of the unsuccessful Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE), finally saw the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (r. 1220-1250 CE) arrive with his...
Early Dynastic Period In Egypt
Definition

Early Dynastic Period In Egypt - Unification and the Rise of the First Egyptian Kings

The Early Dynastic Period in Egypt (circa 3150 to circa 2613 BCE) is the beginning of the historical era of the country during which the regions of Upper Egypt (south) and...
Great Wall of China
Definition

Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China is a barrier fortification in northern China running west-to-east 13,171 miles (21,196 km) from the Jiayuguan Pass (in the west) to the Hushan Mountains in Liaoning Province in the east, ending at the...
Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
Definition

Third Intermediate Period of Egypt - Era of Foreign Invasion

The Third Intermediate Period (circa 1069-525 BCE) is the era following the New Kingdom (circa 1570 to circa 1069 BCE) and preceding the Late Period of ancient Egypt (525-332 BCE). Egyptian history...
Women in Ancient China
Article

Women in Ancient China

Women in ancient China did not enjoy the status, either social or political, afforded to men. Women were subordinate to first their fathers, then their husbands, and finally, in the case of being left a widow, their sons...
Late Period of Ancient Egypt
Definition

Late Period of Ancient Egypt - The End of Egyptian Rule of Egypt

The Late Period of Egypt (525-332 BCE) is the era following the Third Intermediate Period (1069-525) and preceding the brief Hellenistic period (332-323 BCE) when Egypt was ruled by the Argead...
Map of the Shang Dynasty of China, c. 1100 BCE
Image

Map of the Shang Dynasty of China, c. 1100 BCE - Bronze, Kingship, and Networks in the Yellow River World

The Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE) represents one of the earliest historically attested states in China, emerging in the Yellow River basin after the period...
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