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Portrait of Francis Harry Compton Crick, photograph by Godfrey Argent, 1970. Depicted here is English molecular biologist Francis Crick (1916-2004), whose work with American molecular biologist James Watson (1928-2025) led to the...

The structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was discovered in 1953 by two molecular biologists, James Dewey Watson (1928-2025) and Francis Harry Compton Crick (1916-2004). Watson and Crick were awarded...

Watson and Crick at Banbury meeting, 1983. A photograph of the co-discoverers of DNA's structure, James Watson (1928-2025) and Francis Crick (1916-2004), posing in front of a double helix model at the Cold Spring Harbor...

The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) were a series of eight conflicts between Protestant and Catholic factions in France lasting 36 years and concluding with the Protestant King Henry IV of France (r. 1589-1610) converting...

Double helix model of DNA, metal reconstruction by King's College after Francis Crick and James Watson, 1977. The Watson-Crick model of DNA was built by James Watson (1928-2025) and Francis Crick (1916-2004...

Sir Francis Drake (c. 1540-1596 CE) was an English mariner, privateer and explorer who in 1588 CE helped defeat the Spanish Armada of Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE) which attempted to invade the kingdom of Elizabeth I of England...

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, and author. Bacon is often considered one of the founders of modern scientific research and scientific method, even as "the father of modern science" since he proposed...

The English mariner, privateer, and explorer Francis Drake (c. 1540-1596 CE) made his circumnavigation of the world between 1577 and 1580 CE. Only the second to achieve this feat after the expedition of...

Catherine de' Medici (l. 1519-1589) was the queen of France, mother of three kings and two queens and, between 1559 and c. 1576, the most powerful woman in France and, possibly, all of Europe. She was the strength behind the...

The Chateau de Chambord, located in the Loire Valley of Loir-et-Cher, France, was built between 1519 and 1547 CE. This fine French Renaissance building, although impressive in both size and architectural detail, was commissioned...