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Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia - A Gift of the Gods to Their People

In ancient Mesopotamia, the gods informed every aspect of daily life, including the practice of medicine. Gula, the Sumerian goddess of healing, presided over the medical arts, guiding doctors and dentists in the treatment of health problems...
Practicing Magic in Greco-Roman World
Article by Ruisen Zheng

Practicing Magic in Greco-Roman World - Alexander of Abunoteichos & the Greek Magic Papyri

Magic was ever-present in the wider Greco-Roman world. Spells and herbs, spirits and gods, curses and blessings, prophecies and oracles, they were all the domain of the magic and crafts of the magician for the people living in the ancient...
Mesopotamia: The Rise of the Cities
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamia: The Rise of the Cities - Personal Identity, Safety, and Civilization in the Near East

Once upon a time, in the land known as Sumer, the people built a temple to their god, who had conquered the forces of chaos and brought order to the world. They built this temple at a place called Eridu, which, as scholar Gwendolyn Leick...
Mesopotamian City Laments
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian City Laments - Suffering And The Will Of The Gods

The question "Why do bad things happen to good people?" has been asked for millennia, probably since before writing was invented, but at least since circa 1700 BCE when the Sumerian (and later Babylonian) poem, Ludlul-Bel-Nemeqi (also known...
The Admonitions of Ipuwer
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Admonitions of Ipuwer - A Tale of Chaos and the Importance of Government

The Admonitions of Ipuwer (also known as The Papyrus Ipuwer and The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage) is a literary text dated to the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1782 BCE). The only extant copy of the work, preserved on the Papyrus Leiden...
The Last Kingdom TV Series - Historical Accuracy
Article by Michael McComb

The Last Kingdom TV Series - Historical Accuracy

The Last Kingdom (2015-2022) is a historical fiction TV series based on Bernard Cornwell's The Saxon Stories novels and adapted for television by English screenwriter Stephen Butchard. With five seasons, the show began as a BBC production...
Ten Ancient Egypt Facts You Need to Know
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Ten Ancient Egypt Facts You Need to Know - Fun Trivia About Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt is defined as the civilization that flourished in North Africa between circa 6000 and 30 BCE – from the Predynastic Period in Egypt (circa 6000 to circa 3150 BCE) through the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30 BCE) before Egypt became...
Interview with Barry Strauss: Jews vs. Rome
Article by James Blake Wiener

Interview with Barry Strauss: Jews vs. Rome - The Latest Book by Barry Strauss

For over two centuries, ancient Judea was a restless province of the Roman Empire, marked by rebellions, shifting loyalties, and the tensions between imperial might and local identity. In his latest book, Jews vs. Rome: Two Centuries of Rebellion...
Causes of the American Civil War
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Causes of the American Civil War - Spoiler Alert: It Was All About Slavery

There was actually only one cause for the American Civil War: slavery. All the events leading to the Civil War, understood as steps moving steadily up the conflict, had slavery as the underlying cause for upset and increasing division between...
Clothing in the Victorian Era
Article by Mark Cartwright

Clothing in the Victorian Era - Getting the Right Balance of Fabric, Figure, and Flashiness

Striking silhouettes, sumptuous fabrics, bright colours, frills galore, and all manner of ornate accessories define the clothing of the Victorian period, that is, during the reign of Queen Victoria, which spanned seven decades of the 19th...
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