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c. 500 BCEBeginning of the Roman Saturnalia festival according to Livy (although there is evidence it was a much older tradition).
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295 BCEThe first temple to Venus is dedicated on Rome's Aventine Hill.
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292 BCEThe Romans adopt the Greek god of medicine Asclepius by stealing his sacred snake from Epidaurus and setting up a temple on the Tiber Island.
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c. 263 BCEA shrine is dedicated to Minerva on the Aventine in Rome.
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225 BCE - 150 BCEThe Temple of Hercules is built at Ostia.
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186 BCEThe Roman Senate bans the Cult of Bacchus.
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146 BCEFirst Roman all-marble building is constructed, the temple of Jupiter Stater in Rome.
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1 CE - 100 CEMithraism spreads in the Roman empire.
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c. 14 CEThe Temple of Rome and Augustus is built at Ostia.
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42 CE - 62 CEPaul the Apostle goes on missionary journeys across Asia Minor, Greece, and Rome.
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c. 50 CE - c. 60 CEEstablishment of various Christian communities in the Eastern Mediterranean, Greece, Egypt, and at least the city of Rome.
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64 CEUnofficial persecution of Christians in Rome.
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66 CE - 73 CEThe Jewish Revolt against Rome.
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c. 110 CEFirst documented martydom in the Colosseum of Rome, that of St. Ignatius of Antioch.
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c. 125 CEThe Pantheon is completed in Rome.
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284 CE - 305 CEReign of Roman Emperor Diocletian.
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306 CE - 337 CEReign of Roman Emperor Constantine I.
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313 CEThe Edict of Milan enacted by Constantine I.
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325 CERoman Emperor Constantine I calls the Council of Nicaea.
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608 CEThe Pantheon in Rome is converted into a Christian church.