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Argula von Grumbach
Argula von Grumbach (née von Stauff, l. 1490 to c. 1564) was a Bavarian theologian, writer, and reformer, who became a controversial figure after her 1523 letter To the University of Ingolstadt protesting the arrest of a young scholar for...
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Katharina von Bora
Katharina von Bora (l. 1499-1552, also known as Katherine Luther) was a former nun who married Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) in 1525. She, along with some fellow nuns, escaped their convent with Luther's help in 1523 in response to his reform...
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Argula von Grumbach's To the University of Ingolstadt
To the University of Ingolstadt (1523) is an open letter by the German reformer Argula von Grumbach (l. 1490 to c. 1564) protesting the dismissal, arrest, and imprisonment of the young scholar Arsacius Seehofer (l. c. 1504 to c. 1539) for...
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Max Weber
Max Weber (l. 1874-1920), German sociologist, photo by Ernst Gottmann, 1918.
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Valhalla by Max Brückner
Artist imagination of Valhalla, Odin's hall of fallen warriors (Einherjar). Unlike Hel that was a rather gloomy and dark place, Valhalla was a blissful after-life location. Here souls were looked after by Valkyries who served them mead...
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Ten Women of the Protestant Reformation
Women played a vital role in the Protestant Reformation (1517-1648) not only by supporting the major reformers as wives but also through their own literary and political influence. Their contributions were largely marginalized in the past...
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Statue of Ulrich von Hutten and Franz von Sickingen
Statue of Ulrich von Hutten (l. 1488-1523) and Franz von Sickingen (l. 1481-1523), leaders of the Knights' Revolt of 1522-1523 in the Germanic territories of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Johann Eck
Johann Eck (l. 1486-1543) was a Catholic theologian and writer best known for his disputations with Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) beginning in 1517 and continuing until his death in 1543. Eck maintained the position that, if anyone could determine...
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Dagobert von Wurmser
Portrait of Count Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser (1724-1797), an Austrian field marshal best known for leading armies against Napoleon Bonaparte during the French Revolutionary Wars. Engraving by an unknown artist, 1778-1793. Österreichische...
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Ulrich von Hutten
Woodcut print of Ulrich von Hutten (l. 1488-1523) from c. 1522 depicting the poet-knight who encouraged the Knights' Revolt of 1522-1523.