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![Louis XVII of France](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16976.jpg?v=1701020229)
Definition
Louis XVII of France
Louis XVII of France was the regnal name of Louis-Charles de France (l. 1785-1795), the younger son of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) and Queen Marie Antoinette (l. 1755-1793). Although Louis-Charles never actually reigned as king...
![Louis XVI of France](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/15556.jpg?v=1705549684)
Definition
Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI (l. 1754-1793) was the last king of France (r. 1774-1792) before the monarchy was abolished during the French Revolution (1789-99). An indecisive king, his attempts to navigate France through the crises of the 1780s failed, leading...
![Charles the Simple](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/9469.jpg?v=1713764169)
Definition
Charles the Simple
Charles the Simple (Charles III of France, l. 879-929 CE, r. 893-923 CE) was king of West Francia (roughly modern-day France) toward the end of the period of Viking raids in the region. His epithet `the simple' refers to his habit of being...
![Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16987.jpg?v=1712053629)
Definition
Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (l. 1747-1793) was a French noble of royal blood. He was the head of the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the royal Bourbon dynasty, and was a cousin of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792). Despite...
![Trial and Execution of Louis XVI](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16466.jpg?v=1702494603)
Article
Trial and Execution of Louis XVI
The trial and execution of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) was one of the most impactful events of the French Revolution (1789-99). In December 1792, the former king, now referred to as Citizen Louis Capet, was tried and found guilty...
![Carolingian Dynasty](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/13841.jpg?v=1645139702)
Definition
Carolingian Dynasty
The Carolingian Dynasty (751-887) was a family of Frankish nobles who ruled Francia and its successor kingdoms in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. The dynasty expanded from Francia as far as modern Italy, Spain, and...
![Charles I of England](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/13983.png?v=1713911108)
Definition
Charles I of England
Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) was a Stuart king who, like his father James I of England (r. 1603-1625), viewed himself as a monarch with absolute power and a divine right to rule. His lack of compromise with Parliament led to the English...
![Charles II of England](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/15274.png?v=1715668630)
Definition
Charles II of England
Charles II of England (r. 1660-1685) was the king of Scotland (1649-1685) before the Restoration in 1660 also made him king of England and Ireland. Charles was a charming and easygoing monarch who took a keen interest in sports, science...
![Louis IX and Capetian Politics at Paris' Sainte-Chapelle](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/13177.jpg?v=1664719265)
Article
Louis IX and Capetian Politics at Paris' Sainte-Chapelle
The Sainte-Chapelle in Paris was originally consecrated as a private royal chapel in 1248 during the reign of King Louis IX of France (r. 1226-1270), who was known in life as rex christianissimus ('most Christian king') and canonized in death...
![Alphonse Aulard](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16476.jpg?v=1664836239)
Image
Alphonse Aulard
Alphonse Aulard (l. 1849-1928), photo by Pierre Petit, 1892.
National Library of France, Paris.