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![Aetolian League](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16747.jpg?v=1709373549)
Definition
Aetolian League
The Aetolian League was an ancient Greek alliance of the tribes that lived west of Athens and north of the Peloponnese. The league was probably first established in the early 4th century BCE, reached its peak during the Hellenistic Period...
![Artaphernes](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/11968.png?v=1618613117)
Definition
Artaphernes
Artaphernes (active c. 513-492 BCE, also known as Artafarna) was the satrap of Lydia under the reign of his older brother Darius I (the Great, r. 522-486 BCE), monarch of the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) which was founded by Cyrus II...
![French Involvement in the American Revolution](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/15268.png?v=1715370426)
Article
French Involvement in the American Revolution
The involvement of France in the American War of Independence (1775-1783) was not only significant in the progress of the war itself but also as a critical moment for France. Whereas French intervention in the war would help turn the tide...
![Battle of Buxar](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16727.png?v=1715532963)
Article
Battle of Buxar
The Battle of Buxar (aka Bhaksar or Baksar) in Bihar, northeast India, on 22-23 October 1764 saw a British East India Company (EIC) army led by Hector Munro (1726-1805) gain victory against the combined forces of the Nawab of Awadh (aka Oudh...
![Conflict & Celts: The Creation of Ancient Galatia](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/4455.jpg?v=1638207903)
Article
Conflict & Celts: The Creation of Ancient Galatia
Galatia was the most long-lasting and powerful Celtic settlement outside of Europe. It was the only kingdom of note to be forged during the Celtic invasions of the Mediterranean in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From its foundation, Galatia...
![The Batavian Revolt](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/548.png?v=1704552010)
Article
The Batavian Revolt
Batavian revolt was a rebellion of the Batavians against the Romans in 69-70 CE. After initial successes by their commander Julius Civilis, the Batavians were ultimately defeated by the Roman general Quintus Petillius Cerialis. The year...
![Aztec Civilization](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14181.png?v=1707760568)
Definition
Aztec Civilization
The Aztec Empire (c. 1345-1521) covered at its greatest extent most of northern Mesoamerica. Aztec warriors were able to dominate their neighbouring states and permit rulers such as Montezuma to impose Aztec ideals and religion across Mexico...
![Peloponnesian War](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/4650.jpg?v=1717094043)
Definition
Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies came in two stages: from c. 460 to 446 and from 431 to 404 BCE. With battles at home and abroad, the long and complex conflict was damaging to both sides. Sparta...
![Tyre](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/13419.jpg?v=1655880608)
Definition
Tyre
Tyre (in modern-day Lebanon) is one of the oldest cities in the world, dating back over 4,000 years, during which it has been inhabited almost continuously. It was one of the most important, and at times the dominant, city of Phoenicia, whose...
![Gaius Marius](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/6200.jpg?v=1713180185)
Definition
Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius (c. 157-86 BCE) was an accomplished military commander and politician who was acclaimed for saving Rome from the brink of collapse. Yet, unfortunately, his name has only survived in relative obscurity because his achievements...