The Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) was a prolonged dynastic and territorial conflict between the kingdoms of England and France, shaped by disputes over feudal rights, succession to the French throne, and control of territories in western France. By the early 15th century, the war had also developed into a French civil conflict between the Armagnac faction, supporting Charles VII of France (reign 1422–1461), and the Burgundians, who allied with England after the Treaty of Troyes (1420) recognized Henry VI of England (reign 1422–1461) as heir to the French crown. English victories at Crécy (1346), Poitiers (1356), and Agincourt (1415) severely weakened the French monarchy and allowed English influence to expand across northern France.
Jeanne d’Arc (c. 1412–1431) emerged during this period of political fragmentation and military crisis. Claiming divine guidance, she became associated with the Armagnac cause and helped restore French morale during the relief of Orléans (1429) and the Loire Campaign, leading to the coronation of Charles VII at Reims on 17 July 1429. Although captured by Burgundian forces in 1430 and executed at Rouen in 1431, Jeanne became a powerful symbol of French resistance and legitimacy. The gradual collapse of the Anglo-Burgundian alliance after the Treaty of Arras (1435), followed by French victories at Formigny (1450) and Castillon (1453), ultimately ended major English territorial ambitions in France and marked the consolidation of the Valois monarchy.
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APA Style
Netchev, S. (2026, May 16). Map of Jeanne d’Arc's Campaigns and The Hundred Years' War: Dynastic conflict, civil war & French resurgence, 1429–53. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14739/map-of-jeanne-darcs-campaigns-and-the-hundred-year/
Chicago Style
Netchev, Simeon. "Map of Jeanne d’Arc's Campaigns and The Hundred Years' War: Dynastic conflict, civil war & French resurgence, 1429–53." World History Encyclopedia, May 16, 2026. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14739/map-of-jeanne-darcs-campaigns-and-the-hundred-year/.
MLA Style
Netchev, Simeon. "Map of Jeanne d’Arc's Campaigns and The Hundred Years' War: Dynastic conflict, civil war & French resurgence, 1429–53." World History Encyclopedia, 16 May 2026, https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14739/map-of-jeanne-darcs-campaigns-and-the-hundred-year/.
