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Foundation Decree of Cyrene
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Foundation Decree of Cyrene

The Foundation Decree of Cyrene (c. 322 BCE) is a covenant between the citizens of Cyrene in North Africa in the 4th century BCE and those of their mother-state of Thera granting any who wish to become Cyrenean citizens the same rights and...
Stele of Dadusha, King of Eshnunna
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Stele of Dadusha, King of Eshnunna

The stele is an elongated stone monument which originally stood at the Temple of Adad at Eshnunna. The front side is carved with four registers while the narrow sides were inscribed with 220 lines of a cuneiform text divided into 17 columns...
Wei Dynasty Buddhist Stele
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Wei Dynasty Buddhist Stele

This stele is carved with representations of events in the Lotus Sutra, one of the most important texts in early Chinese Buddhism. The Lotus Sutra is reconstructed as a magnificent drama, during which the historical Buddha Shakyamuni is revealed...
Christian Stele from Georgia with Scenes of Christ's Life
Image by James Blake Wiener

Christian Stele from Georgia with Scenes of Christ's Life

A stele or stonecross depicting scenes from the New Testament, including Christ's entry into Jerusalem (top half of stele) and his baptism (lower half of stele). It was created in Usaneti, located in southern Georgia, between 650-800 CE and...
Seikilos Stele
Image by Copenhagen National Museum

Seikilos Stele

The Seikilos Stele, Copenhagnen NM inv.14897. This grave stele preserves the oldest complete song that has survived to our times, and dates to around the 2nd century CE. Found in 1883 by Sir William Ramsay at Aydin (Tralleis), the...
Nefertiti
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Nefertiti

Nefertiti (c. 1370 - c. 1336 BCE) was the wife of the pharaoh Akhenaten of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. Her name means, `the beautiful one has come' and, because of the world-famous bust created by the sculptor Thutmose (discovered in 1912...
Stone Stele & 1,000 Characters of Happiness, Great Wall of China
Image by Emily Mark

Stone Stele & 1,000 Characters of Happiness, Great Wall of China

The stone stele stands in front of the wall of the One Thousand Characters of Happiness near the entrance to the Great Wall of China. The 1,000 Characters of Happiness is a fascinating display which reminds visitors of the many reasons to...
Egyptian Stele of a Syrian Mercenary
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Egyptian Stele of a Syrian Mercenary

A mid 2nd Millennium BCE painted limestone stele showing a Syrian mercenary drinking beer. The mercenary;s name is Terura and his wife's name is Arbura. His facial features and dress clearly identify him as a Syrian. While his wife is also...
Sam'al Stele of King Esarhaddon
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Sam'al Stele of King Esarhaddon

This commemorative basalt stele depicts the Assyrian king Esarhaddon worshiping gods and symbols of gods. The king's left hand holds a royal mace and two ropes. These ropes pass through the lips of two captives. The kneeling smaller figure...
Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit

This alabaster stele (with different registers) was fragmented when originally found and only three fragments have survived; two are in the Iraq Museum in Baghdad and one is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA. The stele commemorates...
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