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Ancient Syria
Syria is a country located in the Middle East on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea and bordered, from the north down to the west, by Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, and Lebanon. It is one of the oldest inhabited regions in the world with archaeological...

Definition
Ancient Dvin
Dvin (aka Duin), located 40 km south of modern Yerevan, was the capital of early medieval Armenia for four centuries. Founded in the 4th century CE, the city prospered and became the administrative head of the Armenian church. Remaining the...

Article
Battle of Karbala
The Battle of Karbala (10 October 680 CE) was a small-scaled military engagement, fought near the river Euphrates, in modern-day Iraq, which saw the massacre of heavily outnumbered Alid troops under the command of Husayn ibn Ali (l. 626-680...

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Calligraphy of Ali's Name
A beautified calligraphic rendition of the name of Ali, the fourth Rashidun Caliph (r. 656-661 CE).

Video
Muslim Schism: How Islam Split into the Sunni and Shia Branches
Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the early history of Islam, as we discuss the events that led to the schism within the Muslim community, as Islam split into two branches - Sunni and Shia Islam. This happened in...

Video
Siege of Damascus 634 - Arab - Byzantine Wars DOCUMENTARY
Previously in our animated documentary series on the early Muslim expansion, we have covered the battles of Yarmouk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ct4OSmdZ3M), al-Qadisiyyah (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01z7hTGDNco), Talas (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VH9UhfRKAOc...

Definition
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic-monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah (l. 570-632 CE, after whose name Muslims traditionally add “peace be upon him” or, in writing, PBUH). Alongside Christianity and Judaism...

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Umayyad Conquest, 7th & 8th Centuries CE
Map showing the Umayyad Arab (Islamic) expansion throughout the 7th and 8th centuries CE. In dark green is depicted the extent of Islam up until the death of Mohammed (622-632 CE); in the intermediate green is shown the conquests of Rashidun...

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Expansion of Early Islamic Caliphates
This map shows the expansion of the Islamic Caliphates in the 7th and 8th Centuries CE: 1. Dark Shade: Expansion under the Prophet Muhammad, 622-632 CE. 2. Medium Shade: Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632-661 CE. 3. Light Shade...

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Map of the First Fitna
Map of the conflict between Caliph Ali (r. 656-661 CE) and Muawiyah I (r. 661 – 680 CE) during the First Fitna (656 – 661 CE), a civil war within the Rashidun Caliphate. The area shaded in green represents the territories of the Caliphate...