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Muslim Invasion of the Levant, 634 CE
A map depicting the Muslim invasion into the Levant, then controlled by the Byzantine Empire, in 634 CE.
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Khalid ibn a-Walid's Invasion of Syria
A map showing Khalid ibn al-Walid's (585 - 642 CE) advance from Iraq to Syria in 634 CE, during the Islamic invasion of the Levant.
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Calligraphy of Umar's name
A beautified calligraphic name of Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644 CE).
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Uthman's Tomb
The grave of Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644-656 CE) in al-Baqi (a graveyard near Medina). The tomb was destroyed in the 19th Century CE by the Saudi regime.
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Calligraphy of Uthman's Name
A beautified calligraphic name of Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644-656 CE).
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Ali & Aisha at the Battle of the Camel
A painting from manuscript of the "Rawdat al-safa" (Persian for "Gardens of Purity") made in Iran c. 1571 - 1572 CE. The painting depicts Ali (r. 656 - 661 CE) and Aisha (c. 613 - 678 CE), who led the opposing factions at the Battle of the...
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Battle of Siffin
Illustration of the Battle of Siffin (657 CE), from a 14th-century manuscript of the Tarikh-i Bal'ami.
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Calligraphy of Khalid ibn al-Walid's name
Calligraphy of Muslim Arab general Khalid ibn al-Walid's (d. 642 CE) name.
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Battle of Al-Qadisiyya
Depiction of the Battle of al-Qadisiyya (636 CE) from a manuscript of the Persian epic Shahnameh. Made January 1614 CE. (British Library).
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Calligraphic Depiction of Ali as a Lion
Shiite calligraphy depicting Caliph Ali (r. 656-661 CE) as the Lion of God.
