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Calligraphy of Abu Bakr
Image by Petermaleh

Calligraphy of Abu Bakr

The vector version of the iconic calligraphy of the founder of the Rashidun Caliphate, Abu Bakr (c. 573 CE – 634 CE), which is prominent in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey.
Tombstone of Caliph Umar
Image by Mohammad adil

Tombstone of Caliph Umar

Tombstone of Caliph Umar (634 - 644 CE) of the Rashidun Caliphate, in Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, Medina. The grave of Umar can be seen from the first window on the right.
Khalid ibn al-Walid's Campaign in Arabia
Image by Mohammad adil

Khalid ibn al-Walid's Campaign in Arabia

Map detailing the route of the conquest of central Arabia by Khalid ibn al-Walid (585 - 642 CE) during the Ridda Wars, culminating in the decisive battle of Yamama (633 CE). Battles are shown as crossed swords (or scimitars) and the Rashidun...
Illustration of the battle of Yarmouk (636 CE)
Image by Unknown

Illustration of the battle of Yarmouk (636 CE)

Illustration of the Battle of Yarmouk (636) at the bottom of the page of an early 14th Century CE manuscript. The forces of the Rashidun Caliphate are shown with a star and crescent banner, while the Byzantines are depicted with a star banner...
Muslim Conquest of Egypt, 640-642 CE
Image by Mohammad adil

Muslim Conquest of Egypt, 640-642 CE

A map showing the conquest of Byzantine Egypt by the Rashidun Caliphate (640-642 CE), led by Amr ibn al-Aas and al-Zubayr ibn al-Awamm.
Troop Arrangement at the Battle of Yarmouk
Image by Mohammad Adil

Troop Arrangement at the Battle of Yarmouk

Position of troops on the eve of the Battle of Yarmouk (636 CE). Rashidun army is depicted as red, while the Byzantines are represented by blue. Solid colored blocks are infantry, while colored and white blocks are cavalry.
Gold Dinars of Al-Ma'mun
Image by Classical Numismatic Group

Gold Dinars of Al-Ma'mun

These are the dinars (gold coins) inscribed in the reign of Caliph al-Ma'mun (r. 813-833 CE). Notice that they consist of inscriptions only and not illustrations, as was the case with Rashidun and early Umayyad coins, the Umayyad Caliph Abd...
Sasanian Empire
Definition by Alonso Constenla Cervantes

Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE, also given as Sassanian, Sasanid or Sassanid) was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire, established in 224 CE by Ardeshir I, son of Papak, descendant of Sasan. The Empire lasted until 651 CE when it was overthrown...
Hagia Sophia
Definition by Thomas Cohen

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, constructed 532-537, continues to be revered as one of the most important structures in the world. Hagia Sophia (Greek Ἁγία Σοφία, for 'Holy Wisdom') was designed to be the major basilica of the Byzantine Empire...
Caesarea Maritima
Definition by Patrick Scott Smith, M. A.

Caesarea Maritima

Caesarea Maritima was a city built over 2,000 years ago (c. 22-10 BCE) on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean. With Roman engineering and largesse, Herod the Great (r. 37-4 BCE) accomplished this feat by constructing a whole metropolis...
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