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Map of the Indus Valley Civilization, c.3300-1300 BCE - Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and the Roots of Civilization in the Bronze Age Subcontinent
This map illustrates the extent and key urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization (circa 3300–1300 BCE), one of the world’s earliest complex societies. Spanning parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, this civilization was...

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Map of the British Raj c. 1930
A map illustrating the British Raj around 1930, a period of direct British rule over the Indian subcontinent that began in 1858. Following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence, the British Parliament passed...

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Mohenjo-daro
Archaeological site of Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan, one of the best-known cities of the Indus Valley Civilization.

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Map of the Cities Named Alexandria by Alexander the Great
This map illustrates the network of cities founded, renamed, or reorganized by Alexander The Great (Alexander III of Macedon, reigned 336–323 BCE) during his campaigns across the Near East, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. As part...

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Priest-king from Mohenjo-daro
Priest-king statue, Indus Valley Civilization. The statue is 17.5 cm high and carved from steatite a.k.a. soapstone. It was found in Mohenjo-daro in 1927 CE. It is on display in the National Museum, Karachi, Pakistan.

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Painting of the Siege of Baghdad
This painting comes from an illuminated manuscript of "The History of Genghis Khan". The illustration depicts the Siege of Baghdad (1258 CE) by Hulegu Khan (1218 - 1265 CE), the grandson of Genghis Khan (c. 1162/67-1227 CE). The illumination...

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Badshahi Mosque
Badshahi mosque, built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707 CE) in 1673-74 CE, in Lahore, Pakistan.

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Excavation Site at Mohenjo-daro
Ruins of Mohenjo-daro in present-day Sindh, Pakistan, one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Mohenjo-daro is one of the world's earliest major urban settlements, contemporaneous with the civilizations...

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Rock Inscription Written in Brahmi Script
Rock inscription written in Brahmi Script, Gandhara, 5th-7th century.
Islamabad Museum, Pakistan.

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Harappa
Archaeological site of Harappa in modern-day Pakistan, one of the best-known cities of the Indus Valley Civilization.