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Coin of King Tigin
When General Jean-Baptiste Ventura opened the Buddhist monument (stupa) at Manikyala in 1830 CE, he found a coin depicting Tigin, a king of Kabul. The presence of the coin shows that the stupa was still being used in 700 CE. The coin was...

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Coin of Archebius
Silver coin of the Indo-Greek King Archebius Dikaios Nikephoros, reigned 90-80 BCE. From modern-day North-West India/Pakistan. (The British Museum, London).

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Derawar Fort
Derawar Fort, Punjab, Pakistan. The fort was first built in the 9th century and used by successive rulers including the nawabs of Bahawalpur, one of the Indian princely states.

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Coin of Theophilus
Silver coin the Indo-Greek King Theophilus (Theophilos) the Autocrat, reigned 130s or 90 BCE. From modern-day North-West India/Pakistan. (The British Museum, London).

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Coin of Diomedes
Silver coin the Indo-Greek King Diomedes Soter, reigned 95-90 BCE. From modern-day North-West India/Pakistan. (The British Museum, London).

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Deva & Bodhisattvas Relief
Shale relief panel depicting deva and bodhisattvas. Gandhara, Pakistan, 1st-3rd century CE (Musée Guimet, Paris)

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Ram Chandra Temple (Katas Raj)
The Ram Chandra temple is a prominent part of Katas Raj complex of early Hinduism, situated in the District of Chakwal in the Punjab, Pakistan. This site is a complex and dates back to the 3rd century BCE. A Buddhist Stupa is the oldest structure...

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Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was a cultural and political entity which flourished in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent between c. 7000 - c. 600 BCE. Its modern name derives from its location in the valley of the Indus River...

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Islamic Caliphates
Caliphate (“Khilafat” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire in the Middle East and North Africa and the people within were ruled by a supreme leader called...

Definition
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE, also given as Sassanian, Sasanid or Sassanid) was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire, established in 224 CE by Ardeshir I, son of Papak, descendant of Sasan. The Empire lasted until 651 CE when it was overthrown...