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Albrecht Dürer
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Albrecht Dürer

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528 CE) was a German Renaissance artist who is considered one of the greatest painters and engravers in history. A native of Nuremberg, Dürer was famous in his own lifetime at home and abroad for his oil paintings, altarpieces...
Captain Kidd
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Captain Kidd

Captain William Kidd (c. 1645-1701) was a Scottish privateer turned pirate who, despite only ever capturing one significant prize ship, has become legendary thanks to the persistent rumour he buried a fantastic treasure that nobody has yet...
Ghosts in the Ancient World
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ghosts in the Ancient World - The Return of the So-Called Dead

A belief in an afterlife was central to every major civilization of the ancient world and this encouraged the recognition of the reality of ghosts as the spirits of the departed who, for one reason or another, either returned from the realm...
Sepoy
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Sepoy

A sepoy was an Indian soldier in the armies of various states and European trading companies in the Indian subcontinent and then, from the second half of the 19th century, in the British Indian Army. Recruited from many different population...
Anglo-Nepalese War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Anglo-Nepalese War

The Anglo-Nepalese War (aka Gurkha War, 1814-16) saw the British East India Company (EIC) lose several battles against Nepalese Gurkhas before finally securing victory in a hard-fought campaign that, for the first time, extended EIC control...
Muhammad Ghori
Definition by Saurav Ranjan Datta

Muhammad Ghori

Shihab al-Din (also Muʿizz al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam), popularly known as Muhammad Ghori (r. 1173-1206 CE), was the Muslim ruler who laid the foundation for the subsequent Islamic ruling dynasties of India which saw its pinnacle later in the...
Black Hole of Calcutta
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Black Hole of Calcutta

The Black Hole of Calcutta refers to a prison cell which was used to hold 146 mostly British prisoners captured after the Nawab of Bengal had taken over the city from the East India Company. Interred on 20 June 1756 in a tiny cell in Fort...
First Anglo-Sikh War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

First Anglo-Sikh War

The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-6) was a short and bloody conflict won by the British East India Company (EIC) against the Sikh Empire. The EIC was keen to expand into northern India, but the Sikh army was a well-trained, well-equipped, and...
Second Anglo-Sikh War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Second Anglo-Sikh War

The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-9) once again saw the British East India Company defeat the Sikh Empire in northern India. The war, which started off as a rebellion against British colonial rule, included the high-casualty Battle of Chillianwala...
Ladies on a Terrace
Image by Brooklyn Museum

Ladies on a Terrace

Idealized image of the Mughal zenana, opaque watercolor on paper by an unknown artist, Mughal India, c. 1700-1710. Brooklyn Museum, obtained by exchange with Nasli M. Heeramaneck.
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