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Anglo-Mysore Wars
The Four Anglo-Mysore Wars (1767-1799) were fought between the British East India Company (EIC) and the state of Mysore. Haidar Ali and his son Tipu Sultan, the "Tiger of Mysore", were relentless foes to British expansion in southern India...
Definition
British Crown Jewels
The Crown Jewels of the monarchy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are today kept in the Tower of London and date mostly to the 17th century, with a few later sparkling additions such as the Koh-i-Noor and Cullinan...
Definition
Robert Clive
Robert Clive (1725-1774), also known as 'Clive of India' and Baron Clive of Plassey, masterminded the expansion of the East India Company in India. Best known for his victory at Plassey in Bengal in 1757, Clive's reputation suffered in his...
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Tomb of Roshanara Begum
The tomb of the Mughal princess Roshanara Begum (1617-71), daughter of Queen Mumtaz Mahal (1593-1631) and Shah Jahan (r. 1628-1658), emperor of the Mughal Empire. Delhi, India.
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Trade Goods of the East India Company
The English East India Company (EIC) was founded in 1600, and it came to control both trade and territories in India, as well as a trade monopoly with China. Goods the EIC traded included spices, cotton cloth, tea, and opium, all in such...
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Alexander Visits the Sage Plato in his Mountain Cave
An illustration from the Khamsa (Quintet) by the Indian poet Amir Khusrau (1253–1325). The scene shows (on the right) Alexander the Great, who in Khusrau’s work travels extensively, including in search of spritiual enlightenment. The Greek...
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The Tomb of I'timad-ud-Daulah: A Daughter's Tribute
Across the Yamuna River from the Taj Mahal in Agra, India, lies the first mausoleum constructed by a Mughal Empress, for her parents. In 2019, in partnership with the Archaeological Survey of India, WMF celebrated the completion of a conservation...
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Map of the British Conquest in India c. 1857
This map illustrates the rapid and often chaotic expansion of British control in India between the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the eve of the Indian Rebellion in 1857. During this century, the East India Company transformed from a trading...
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Badshahi Mosque
Badshahi mosque, built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707 CE) in 1673-74 CE, in Lahore, Pakistan.
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Robert Clive & Shah Alam
An 1818 painting by Benjamin West showing Robert Clive (1725-1774), Governor General of Bengal and representative of the East India Company, meeting the Mughal emperor Shah Alam in 1765 to gain tax collecting rights. (British Library, London...