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Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just

Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just (1767-1794) was a prominent figure of the French Revolution (1789-1799). After his election to the National Convention in September 1792, he led the push for the execution of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792...
Seventh Crusade
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Seventh Crusade

The Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE) was led by the French king Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE) who intended to conquer Egypt and take over Jerusalem, both then controlled by the Muslim Ayyubid Dynasty. Despite the initial success of capturing Damietta...
Flight to Varennes
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Flight to Varennes

The Flight to Varennes was a pivotal moment of the French Revolution (1789-1799), in which King Louis XVI of France (r.1774-92), his wife Queen Marie Antoinette (1755-93), and their children attempted to escape from Paris on the night of...
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Eleanor of Aquitaine (l. c. 1122-1204 CE) was one of the most impressive and powerful figures of the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 CE) – male or female – whose influence shaped the politics, art, medieval literature, and perception of women...
Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of Condé
Definition by Stephen M Davis

Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of Condé

Louis I de Bourbon (l. 1530-1569) was a descendant of Louis IX of France (r. 1226-1270) and founder of the House of Condé. The Prince of Condé proved his valor as a Huguenot military leader during the first three French Wars of Religion and...
Trial and Execution of Marie Antoinette
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Trial and Execution of Marie Antoinette

The trial and execution of Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), formerly the queen of France, was among the opening events of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Accused of a series of crimes that included conspiring with...
Charles the Simple
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Charles the Simple

Charles the Simple (Charles III of France, l. 879-929, r. 893-923) was king of West Francia (roughly modern-day France) toward the end of the period of Viking raids in the region. His epithet `the simple' refers to his habit of being straightforward...
Louis XIII, Anne of Austria, and Their Son Louis XIV
Image by Philippe de Champaigne

Louis XIII, Anne of Austria, and Their Son Louis XIV

Group portrait of Louis XIII of France (r. 1610-1643), Anne of Austria (l. 1601-1666), and their son Louis XIV of France (r. 1643-1715), flanked by Cardinal Richelieu and the Duchesse de Chevreuse, oil on by the circle of Philippe de Champaigne...
French Revolution
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

French Revolution

The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period of major societal and political upheaval in France. It witnessed the collapse of the monarchy, the establishment of the First French Republic, and culminated in the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte...
Demonstration of 20 June 1792
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Demonstration of 20 June 1792

The Demonstration of 20 June 1792 was a final attempt by the sans-culottes of Paris to reconcile King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) with the French Revolution (1789-99). Prompted by the king's veto of popular decrees, the people invaded...
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