Louis xi: Did you mean...?

Depiction of King Louis XVI of France wearing the red Phrygian cap of liberty and drinking a toast to the nation, as he did during the Demonstration of 20 June 1792. Etching by an unknown author, c. 1792. Library...

King Louis XVI of France, during his imprisonment in the Tower of the Temple, where he was held for the last months of his life during the French Revolution. oil on canvas by Jean-François Garneray, 1814...

Engraving depicting the execution of King Louis XVI of France by guillotine on 21 January 1793, in the Place de la Revolution, Paris. The executioner displays his severed head to the crowd. Engraving by Isidore Stanislas...

Joséphine de Beauharnais (1763-1814) was a French noblewoman who was the first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). She was therefore Empress of the French from 18 May 1804 until the annulment of her marriage on 10 January...

The Albigensian Crusade (aka Cathars' Crusade, 1209-1229 CE), was the first crusade to specifically target heretic Christians - the Cathars of southern France. Not successful in repressing the heresy, the on-off campaigns over...

Catherine de' Medici (l. 1519-1589) was the queen of France, mother of three kings and two queens and, between 1559 and c. 1576, the most powerful woman in France and, possibly, all of Europe. She was the strength behind the...

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754-1838) was one of the most significant political figures in modern French history. Beginning his career as the cynical bishop of Autun...

The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) were a series of eight conflicts between Protestant and Catholic factions in France lasting 36 years and concluding with the Protestant King Henry IV of France (r. 1589-1610) converting...

Dover Castle, located in the southern county of Kent, is one of the largest castles in England and one of the first to have concentric defensive walls. First built in 1066 CE by William the Conqueror to help prevent anyone repeating...

The Champ de Mars Massacre was an incident that took place on 17 July 1791, when soldiers of the National Guard under the Marquis de Lafayette opened fire on a crowd of demonstrators, who were calling for a referendum on...