Louis xi: Did you mean...?

The Napoleonic Concordat of 1801 defined France's relationship with the Catholic Church for over 100 years. The Organic Articles were added in 1802 and provided state recognition of the Reformed and Lutheran confessions alongside the Catholic...

Murder of the Duke of Orléans, illumination on parchment by the Master of the Vienna Chroniques d'Angleterre, included in Enguerrand de Monstrelet's Chronique, folio 52, Bruges, c. 1470-1480. During a power struggle for the throne of France...

Louis Philippe accompanied by his sons (Louis Philippe accompagné de ses fils), painting by Horace Vernet (1789 - 1863). Royal Castle of Amboise, France.

A 1767 oil on canvas portrait by Louis-Michel van Loo of the French author and philosopher Diderot (1713-1784). (Louvre Museum, Paris)

A 15th century CE painting depicting the death of French king Louis IX in 1270 CE during the Eighth Crusade at Tunis.

Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just (1767-1794), a leader of the Jacobin Club and of the Mountain political faction, oil on canvas portrait by Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, 1793. Only 25 when he was elected to the National Convention, Saint-Just soon became...

A 14th century CE illustration of Louis IX of France (r. 1226-1270 CE) departing Aigues Mortes for Egypt on the Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE).

The compound monocular microscope of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Made by Nachet et fils, 1861-70. (Science Museum, London)

Created in Tours, France, sometime between 1245-1248 CE, this stained glass panel depicts King Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE) carrying the crown of thorns. Measures 55 x 35 cm. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

Restored studio portrait of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), photographed by Paul Nadar.