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ROBERT II OF SCOTLAND: The first Stewart king of Scotland
Robert II of Scotland, tales from Scotlands history. Who was the first Stewart king of Scotland? Bruce Fummey with Scottish humour and history gives a quick introduction to Robert II, the first Stewart king of Scotland, gives a list of Stewart...

Article
Byzantine Icons
Icons, that is images of holy persons, were an important part of the Byzantine Christian Church from the 3rd century CE onwards. Venerated in churches, public places, and private homes, they were often believed to have protective properties...

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Scenic Views of Ireland
According to one legend, Ireland takes its name from the Gaelic Eire, derived from Eriu, the daughter of the Mother Goddess Ernmas of the mystical Tuatha De Danaan and, for anyone who has spent any time there, this seems fitting in explaining...

Definition
Christianity
Christianity is the world's largest religion, with 2.8 billion adherents. It is categorized as one of the three Abrahamic or monotheistic religions of the Western tradition along with Judaism and Islam. 'Christian' is derived from the Greek...

Definition
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE, also given as Sassanian, Sasanid or Sassanid) was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire, established in 224 CE by Ardeshir I, son of Papak, descendant of Sasan. The Empire lasted until 651 CE when it was overthrown...

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Château de Villandry
Famous for its amazingly beautiful gardens, the Château of Villandry is situated in Indre-et-Loire, France. In 1532, Jean Breton, finance secretary to Francis 1, King of France, acquired a medieval fortress not far from Tours. Much like the...

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Lazare Carnot at the Battle of Wattignies
French minister of war Lazare Carnot leads a victorious French Republican army during the Battle of Wattignies (15-16 October 1793), a significant engagement in the War of the First Coalition (1792-1797). Although Carnot played a vital role...

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Isabella of France
Isabella of France, Detail from an illustration in the Grandes Chroniques de France (Français 6465, fol. 338v.) by Jean Fouquet, Tours, c. 1455-1460.
National Library of France, Paris.

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King Louis IX Carrying the Crown of Thorns
Created in Tours, France, sometime between 1245-1248 CE, this stained glass panel depicts King Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE) carrying the crown of thorns. Measures 55 x 35 cm. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

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Château des Réaux
Château des Réaux, chouzé-sur-Loire, Indre-et-Loire, France. The castle's history can be traced back to the 14th century when it belonged to the Countess of Sancerre. It then became the property of Jean Briçonnet (d. 1493), the first mayor...