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Jewish Tombstones in Yeghegis, Armenia
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Jewish Tombstones in Yeghegis, Armenia

No historical evidence exists of a Jewish community in Yeghegis, Armenia during medieval times. Indeed, there is also no written record of contemporaneous Jewish communities in medieval Armenia. Nearly 40 tombstones...
Medieval Jewish Tombstone in Yeghegis, Armenia
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Medieval Jewish Tombstone in Yeghegis, Armenia

Nearly 40 tombstones from the 13th and 14th century CE survive in the Jewish cemetery, and another 30 are located nearby. The oldest tombstone dates to 1266 CE and the latest to 1337 CE. Some tombs have...
Christian Antisemitism in the Middle Ages & during the Reformation
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Christian Antisemitism in the Middle Ages & during the Reformation

Antisemitism is a modern term that describes prejudice and hostility to Jews and Judaism. The origins of Christian antisemitism in the gospels are based on the story of a 1st-century itinerant...
Richard II & the Peasants' Revolt
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Richard II & the Peasants' Revolt

A 15th century CE medieval manuscript illustration showing Richard II of England (r. 1377-1399 CE) meeting the rebels of the 1381 CE Peasants' Revolt in London. (National Library of France, Paris)
Ark of the Covenant
Definition

Ark of the Covenant

The Ark of the Covenant refers to the box-like container that held the tablets of the Law received by Moses on Mount Sinai. Tradition claimed that it contained two stone tablets, carved by God, listing the first ten commandments...
Zealots
Definition

Zealots

The Zealots were a group of Jews who began to emerge as a religious/political movement around the beginning of the 1st century CE. They strongly opposed Roman rule and turned on everyone, including other Jews, who cooperated with Rome...
Cave of Letters
Definition

Cave of Letters

Everyone is aware of the Dead Sea Scrolls, but few realise that these were just one find in a region which continues to yield hundreds of finds significant to our understanding of lives in the first centuries CE, the Jewish revolts...
First Battle of the Marne
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First Battle of the Marne - How Paris was Saved in World War I

The First Battle of the Marne, fought between 6 and 10 September 1914, was a major and successful Allied counterattack against the German invasion of French territory the previous August. Often...
Essenes
Definition

Essenes

The Essenes were a Jewish sect that emerged in the 2nd century BCE and established the community at Qumran. They emphasized ritual purity, copied books of the Jewish Scriptures, and wrote commentaries on the Books of the Prophets. They...
Jewish Bread-Stamp from Sardis
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Jewish Bread-Stamp from Sardis

In the Late Roman Period, the Jewish faith was expressed through symbols of personal items in much the same way as for Christianity. The Jewish "Menorah" is depicted on this bread-stamp. The stamp bears the name of...
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