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Definition
Martyr
A martyr is someone who voluntarily dies for either a religious or secular cause. The word originates from "witness" in Greek and is related to a witness in court testifying to one's beliefs or truth, despite the risk involved. As such...
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Vandalised Jewish Shop, Berlin
A photograph showing a smashed Jewish-owned shop in Berlin, Germany. The Nazis orchestrated Kristallnacht (‘Night of Broken Glass’), an attack on Jews and Jewish property across Germany and Austria on 9-10 November...
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Smashed Jewish Shops, Magdeburg
A photograph showing smashed Jewish-owned shops in Magdeburg, Germany. The Nazis orchestrated Kristallnacht (‘Night of Broken Glass’), an attack on Jews and Jewish property across Germany and Austria on 9-10 November...
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Jewish Bread-Stamp from Sardis
In the Late Roman Period, the Jewish faith was expressed through symbols of personal items in much the same way as for Christianity. The Jewish "Menorah" is depicted on this bread-stamp. The stamp bears the name of...
Interview
Interview: The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert by John Lee
John Lee joins World History Encyclopedia to tell us all about his new book, The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert. Kelly (WHE): Thank you so much for...
Definition
Gestapo
The Gestapo was the secret political police organisation of Nazi Germany. Created in 1933, the Gestapo became one of the most feared instruments of state terror, its members having few or no legal restrictions to their actions. The Gestapo...
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Nazi Classification of Jewish People
A chart showing the classification of Jewish people and marriage restrictions in Nazi Germany after the Nuremberg Laws were passed in September 1935.
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Jewish Boys In Nazi-occupied Poland
Three young Jewish boys on the street in Chełm, Nazi-occupied Poland. They are all wearing a Star of David badge on their coats. The photograph was taken between 8 August and 13 September 1941, by a soldier who...
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Walled Jewish Ghetto, Warsaw
A photograph showing a walled-off Jewish ghetto in Warsaw following the German occupation of Poland from September 1939. (Imperial War Museums)
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Jewish Mosaic of a Date Palm
This mosaic was once part of the mosaic found in an ancient synagogue in what's present-day Tunisia. This specimen dates from c. 550 CE and is made of stone and mortar. The date palm likely symbolized the Tree of Knowledge...