C: Did you mean...?

This map illustrates the emergence of the Holy Roman Empire in the mid-10th century, following the final division of the Eastern and Western Frankish realms in the late 9th century. Under Otto I (r. as German king 936–973; crowned Holy Roman...

A map illustrating the transformation of the East India Company from a hopeful merchant venture in 1600 with isolated trade outposts governed by isolated and mostly independent town councils into a major ruler of large territories in India...

This map illustrates the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the earliest and most extensive administrative division of the Spanish Empire. At its peak, it encompassed a vast array of territories across North America, the Caribbean, and Asia, serving...

A map of the Roman Empire under Theodosius I “the Great” (reign 379–395 CE). His reign marked a decisive turning point in Roman imperial history, bringing together political reunification, religious transformation, and institutional strain...

The westward expansion of the Scythians (c. 700–300 BCE) illustrates how mobile steppe societies could reshape the political and cultural landscapes of Eurasia without building territorial empires. Originating in the Central Asian steppes...

This map illustrates the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) at its pivotal moment in 1429, when Joan of Arc’s (French: Jeanne d'Arc) whirlwind campaign shifted momentum toward the Dauphin, Charles VII of France (reigned 1422–1461). It contrasts...

In the aftermath of World War I (1914–1918), Africa remained overwhelmingly under European colonial domination, despite widespread African participation in the war effort. While the conflict weakened several European powers, it did not dismantle...

The Mitanni Empire was a major Late Bronze Age power that rose in northern Mesopotamia and Upper Syria between c. 1600 and 1300 BCE, shaping the balance of power across the eastern Mediterranean world. Emerging in the political vacuum following...

This map illustrates the shifting political landscape of the Ancient Near East in the 13th century BCE, a period marked by the rise of imperial powers and the decline of older kingdoms. The expansion of the Hittite and Assyrian empires redrew...

Roman rule in Britain developed between 43 and 410 CE, reshaping the island from a mosaic of tribal societies into a province integrated into the political, economic, and cultural structures of the Roman Empire. Although Julius Caesar’s expeditions...