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Edo Period
Definition by Graham Squires

Edo Period

The Edo period refers to the years from 1603 until 1868 when the Tokugawa family ruled Japan. The era is named after the city of Edo, modern-day Tokyo, where the Tokugawa shogunate had its government. It is also sometimes referred to as the...
Hellenistic Period
Definition by Antoine Simonin

Hellenistic Period

The Hellenistic Period is a part of the Ancient Period for the European and Near Asian space. The use of this period is justified by the extent of the Hellenic culture in most of these areas, due to the Greek political presence especially...
Sengoku Period
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Sengoku Period

The Sengoku Period (Sengoku Jidai, 1467-1568 CE), also known as the Warring States Period, was a turbulent and violent period of Japanese history when rival warlords or daimyo fought bitterly for control of Japan. The period falls within...
Gilgamesh
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Gilgamesh

Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk best known as the hero of The Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2150-1400 BCE) the great Babylonian poem that predates Homer's Iliad and Odyssey by 1500 years and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic...
Amarna Period of Egypt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Amarna Period of Egypt

The Amarna Period of ancient Egypt was the era of the reign of Akhenaten (1353-1336 BCE), known as 'the heretic king'. In the 5th year of his reign (c. 1348 BCE), he issued sweeping religious reforms which resulted in the suppression of the...
Warring States Period
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Warring States Period

The Warring States period (481/403 BCE - 221 BCE) describes the three centuries when various rival Chinese states battled viciously for territorial advantage and dominance. Ultimately the Qin state was victorious and established the first...
Ziggurat
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ziggurat - Mountains of the Gods

A ziggurat is a form of monumental architecture originating in ancient Mesopotamia, which usually had a rectangular base and was built in a series of steps up to a flat platform upon which a temple was raised. The ziggurat was an artificial...
Neolithic Period
Definition by Cristian Violatti

Neolithic Period

The term Neolithic Period refers to the last stage of the Stone Age - a term coined in the late 19th century CE by scholars which covers three different periods: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. The Neolithic period is significant...
Vase of Utu-Hegal of Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Vase of Utu-Hegal of Uruk

This is only known bronze/copper alloy vessel inscribed with the name of Utu-Hegal, King of Uruk. Utu-Hegal was considered a hero, who drove the hated Gutian invaders out of Southern Mesopotmia. The inscribed cuneiform text mentions the name...
Heroes Protecting Animals, Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Heroes Protecting Animals, Uruk

This ritual vessel shows nude heroes protecting a bird and a bull. Such heroes were popular images in ancient Mesopotamia. Late Uruk Period, 3300-3000 BCE. Probably from Uruk (Warka), Southern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. (The British Museum...
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