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The Ancient City
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

The Ancient City

In the study of the ancient world a City is generally defined as a large populated urban center of commerce and administration with a system of laws and, usually, regulated means of sanitation. This is only one definition, however, and the...
Stele of Lion-Hunt from Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Stele of Lion-Hunt from Uruk

Stele of a lion-hunt from Uruk, the oldest narrative Mesopotamian sculpture (in relief) and the first documented evidence of lion-hunting in Mesopotamia. It depicts two men hunting lions using a spear and arrows. One man is smaller than the...
Mosaic Fragment from Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Mosaic Fragment from Uruk

This piece of wall decoration (mosaic) was part of one of the walls of the white temple at Warka (Uruk) city. Stone cones are inlaid on a gypsum background. Uruk period, 3500-2800 BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The Sulaimaniya Museum, Iraq).
Facade of Inanna's Temple at Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Facade of Inanna's Temple at Uruk

Part of the facade of the temple of Inanna at Uruk. There are standing male and female deities in alternate niches. Each figure holds a vessel in his/her hands and pours life-giving water onto the earth. The cuneiform inscriptions on the...
Facade of Inanna Temple from Uruk at the Iraq Museum
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Facade of Inanna Temple from Uruk at the Iraq Museum

This is part of the facade of the temple of goddess Inanna at Uruk (modern-day Warka, southern Iraq) and is made of bricks. There are standing male and female deities in alternating niches. Both hold a vase, pouring water in double streams...
Bust of a Priest from Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Bust of a Priest from Uruk

Grey alabaster statue of a male priest, found inside a pottery vessel in the ancient city of Uruk by a German archaeological team from the German Oriental Society in 1929-1930. Probably, it was buried after it got broken. Its height is about...
Dedicatory Cone of Sin-Kashid king of Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Dedicatory Cone of Sin-Kashid king of Uruk

This clay nail is inscribed with details of the wealth of Sin-Kashid, king of Uruk in Babylon. Excavated by Sir William Loftus at Uruk (Warka), Southern Mesopotamia, modern-say Iraq. Circa 1900 BCE. (The British Museum, London).
Three Kingdoms Period in Korea
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Three Kingdoms Period in Korea

The Three Kingdoms Period of ancient Korea (57 BCE – 668 CE) is so-called because it was dominated by the three kingdoms of Baekje (Paekche), Goguryeo (Koguryo), and Silla. There was also, though, a fourth entity, the Gaya (Kaya) confederation...
The Uruk Trough
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Uruk Trough

The Uruk Trough, one of the earliest examples of formal religious art from Mesopotamia. It was probably a cult object in the temple of Inanna (Ishtar); it cannot be used as a trough or basin. The carving shows sheep approaching a reed hut...
Ruins of Uruk
Image by SAC Andy Holmes (RAF)

Ruins of Uruk

The Uruk archaeological site at Warka in Iraq, photo by SAC Andy Holmes (RAF), 2008.
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