Roman Spain: Did you mean...?

Citizenship is and always has been a valued possession of any individual. When one studies the majority of ancient empires one finds that the concept of citizenship, in any form, was non-existent. The people in these societies...

Britain was a significant addition to the ever-expanding Roman Empire. For decades, Rome had been conquering the Mediterranean Sea – defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars, overwhelming Macedon and Greece, and finally marching into...

The front of the stage (scaenae frons) of the Roman theatre of Augusta Emerita (modern-day Mérida in Spain) is the most oustanding feature of the building. It consists of a high podium 2.60...

The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state...

The Reconquista (Reconquest) or Iberian Crusades were military campaigns largely conducted between the 11th and 13th century CE to liberate southern Portuguese and Spanish territories, then known as al-Andalus, from the Muslim Moors...

A statue of Abd al-Rahman I (731 – 788 CE) in Almuñécar, Spain. He was the founder of the Emirate (and later Caliphate) of Cordoba which rivaled the Abbasids.

Mosaic in the House of the Planetarium in Italica (an archaeological site located in modern-day Santiponce, 9 kilometres (5.5 miles) north of Seville in Spain) with busts of the planetary deities...

The Basilica at Baelo Claudia in Southern Spain, built around 50-60 CE to the South of the Forum of the city. It was a two-storey building built of ashlar and concrete walls covered in stucco. The city erected a colossal...

Overview of the ruins of Baelo Claudia lying along the beach of Bolonia in southern Spain. The town was founded in the end of the 2nd century BCE.

Portrait of Joseph Bonaparte (1768-1844) as king of Spain (r. 1808-1813) in his coronation robes, oil on canvas by François Gérard, 19th century. Musée national du Château de Fontainebleau.