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Portrait of Isabel de Valois, Queen of Spain
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Portrait of Isabel de Valois, Queen of Spain

Portrait of Queen Isabel de Valois of Spain, painting by Sofonisba Anguissola, Italy, c. 1561 - 1565. Isabel de Valois was the third wife of King Phillip II of Spain and was taught painting by Sofonisba...
Roman Road, Spain
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Roman Road, Spain

A section of surviving Roman road near Cirauqui in northern Spain. The curb stones can be clearly seen, a common feature of Roman roads.
Roman Literature
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Roman Literature

The Roman Empire and its predecessor the Roman Republic produced an abundance of celebrated literature; poetry, comedies, dramas, histories, and philosophical tracts; the Romans avoided tragedies. Much of it survives to this day...
A Roman Trail in the Moselle Valley
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A Roman Trail in the Moselle Valley

The Moselle Valley is Germany's oldest winegrowing region. The Romans brought viticulture to this area and planted vines along the Moselle River 2000 years ago. After settling the region c. 50 BCE and establishing...
Spanish Main
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Spanish Main

The Spanish Main refers, in its widest sense, to the Spanish Empire in the Americas from Florida in the north to the northern coast of Brazil in the south, including the Caribbean. The term was initially more limited and referred...
Second Punic War
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Second Punic War

The Second Punic War (The Hannibalic War) was fought between Carthage and Rome between 218 and 201 BCE. The war involved confrontations in Spain, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and North Africa. Hannibal led the Carthaginians, one of...
Roman Army
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Roman Army

The Roman army, famed for its discipline, organisation, and innovation in both weapons and tactics, allowed Rome to build and defend a huge empire which for centuries would dominate the Mediterranean world and beyond. Overview...
The Battle of Zama - The Beginning of Roman Conquest
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The Battle of Zama - The Beginning of Roman Conquest

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE) was the final engagement of the Second Punic War (218-202 BCE) at which Hannibal Barca of Carthage (l. 247-183 BCE) was defeated by Scipio Africanus of Rome (l. 236-183...
Roman Warfare
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Roman Warfare

Roman warfare was remarkably successful over many centuries and across many territories. This was due to several important factors. Italy was a peninsula not easily attacked, there was a huge pool of fighting men to draw upon, a...
Roman Theatre of Acinipo, Spain
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Roman Theatre of Acinipo, Spain

The Roman theatre of Acinipo in southern Spain (Roman province of Hispania Baetica), built in the middle of the 1st century BCE. It is one of the most ancient Roman theatres in Spain.
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