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Phoenician Alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet.
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Phoenician Small Ship
An Assyrian relief from King Sargon II's palace at Khorsabad showing a Phoenician ship transporting cedar logs. This type of vessel was probably used for coastal work and transporting goods to shore from larger cargo vessels. 8th century...
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Phoenician-Punic Ship
A Phoenician-Punic ship from a relief carving on a 2nd century CE sarcophagus
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Map of Tartessos with Phoenician and Greek colonies
A map of Tartessos, showing its sphere of influence, as well as Greek and Phoenician colonies in southern Spain.
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Phoenician Ship in a Storm
Artist's rendition of a Phoenician ship at sea during a storm. The Phoenicians were a great maritime people and often adorned their ships with horses' heads to honour Yamm, their god of the sea. Although Yamm could raise the seas to sink...
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Phoenician Foundation Inscription from Sidon
The inscription reads (in Phoenician) "Bodastarte, the son of Eshmunazar, the king of Sidon, has ordered this temple to be built for the god Eshmun". Second half of the sixth century BCE. From the foundation wall of the Eshmun Temple at Sidon...
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Fleeing Phoenician Queen
This gypsum fragment shows a Phoenician queen holding a baby, fleeing in a boat from the invading Assyrian army. It was once part of limestone relief at the Throne room I of Sennacherib's palace at Nineveh. From the South-West Palace, Nineveh...
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Map of the Trade Networks of the Roman Empire - Commerce & the Connectivity in the Mediterranean 1-3 c. CE
The prosperity of the Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE in the West) rested not only on military power and administration but also on an extensive network of maritime and overland trade routes that connected communities across Europe, North Africa...
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The Roman Empire in West Africa
At its fullest extent, the Roman Empire stretched from around modern-day Aswan, Egypt at its southernmost point to Great Britain in the north but the influence of the Roman Empire went far beyond even the borders of its provinces as a result...
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Bronze Age Collapse
The Bronze Age Collapse (also known as Late Bronze Age Collapse) is a modern-day term referring to the decline and fall of major Mediterranean civilizations during the 13th-12th centuries BCE. The precise cause of the Bronze Age Collapse...