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Mitanni
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mitanni

The Kingdom of Mitanni, known to the people of the land, and the Assyrians, as Hanigalbat and to the Egyptians as Naharin and Metani, once stretched from present-day northern Iraq, down through Syria and into Turkey and was among the greatest...
Ilkhanate
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate (or Ilqanate, 1260-1335 CE) was that part of the Mongol Empire (1206-1368 CE) which mostly covered what is today Iran and parts of Turkmenistan, Turkey, Iraq, Armenia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Established by the Mongol general...
Kalhu / Nimrud
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Kalhu / Nimrud

Kalhu (also known as Caleh, Calah, and Nimrud, in modern-day northern Iraq) was a city in ancient Mesopotamia that became the capital of the Assyrian Empire under Ashurnasirpal II (r. 884-859 BCE) who moved the central government there from...
Freya Stark
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Freya Stark

Freya Stark (l. 1893-1993) was an English explorer, writer, and political influencer who chronicled world events, especially in the Near East, throughout the 20th century. Stark both reported on and made the news as her travels, described...
Akkadian Soldier on Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Akkadian Soldier on Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit

This alabaster stele (with different registers) was fragmented when originally found and only three fragments have survived; two are in the Iraq Museum in Baghdad and one is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA. The stele commemorates...
Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit

This alabaster stele (with different registers) was fragmented when originally found and only three fragments have survived; two are in the Iraq Museum in Baghdad and one is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA. The stele commemorates...
Great Ziggurat of Ur
Image by Hardnfast

Great Ziggurat of Ur

The ruins of the Great Ziggurat of Ur, built by the Sumerian king Ur-Nammu and his son Shulgi of Ur, c. 21st century BCE. Photo taken in 2005 CE near Ali Air Base in Iraq.
Lion-Hunting Scene, King Ashurbanipal
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Lion-Hunting Scene, King Ashurbanipal

Sculpted relief illustrating the sporting exploits of the last great Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal, North Palace, room C, panel 20-22, Nineveh, modern-day northern Iraq. Neo-Assyrian Empire, reign of King Ashurbanipal, 668-631 BCE. In ancient...
Map of the World from Sippar, Mesopotamia
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Map of the World from Sippar, Mesopotamia

This tablet contains both a cuneiform inscription and a unique map of the Mesopotamian world. Babylon is shown in the center (the rectangle in the top half of the circle), and Assyria, Elam and other places are also named. The central area...
The Black Obelisk of King Shalmaneser III
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Black Obelisk of King Shalmaneser III

This obelisk was erected as a public monument in 825 BCE at a time of civil war. The relief sculptures glorify the achievements of King Shalmaneser III and his commander-in-chief . It lists their military campaigns of 31 years and the tribute...
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