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Mehrauli Iron Pillar
The Iron Pillar now seen at the Qutb Complex, New Delhi, India, was originally erected during the time of King Chandra and bears his inscription in Sanskrit. This king has been identified with Emperor Chandragupta II (c. 375 - 413/14 CE...

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Shang Dynasty of China, c. 1100 BCE
This map illustrates the rise and expansion of the Shang dynasty, which emerged around 1600 BCE after the fall of the Xia dynasty. Centered on the North China Plain, the Shang established a hereditary monarchy with a centralized government...

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Old Kingdom of Egypt
The Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2613-2181 BCE) is also known as the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the Pyramid Builders' as it includes the great 4th Dynasty when King Sneferu perfected the art of pyramid building and the pyramids of Giza...

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Samudragupta Coin: Standard Type
This coin issued by Emperor Samudragupta (335/350 – 370/380 CE) of the Gupta dynasty shows him wearing a Scythian-style coat, trousers and cap and Indian-style necklace and earrings. He has a halo around his head. The standard shown in the...

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Tang Dynasty of China, c. 669 CE
A map illustrating the Tang Dynasty of China at its greatest extent under the rule of Emperor Gaozong, encompassing modern-day China, parts of Central Asia, and the Korean Peninsula. Around 669, the Empire reached its pinnacle of economic...

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The Merovingian Dynasty, c. 639
This map illustrates the rise and expansion of the Merovingians, a Frankish dynasty that, by the late 5th century, unified the fragmented tribes of present-day France, Germany, the Low Countries, Switzerland, and Austria. Beginning with Clovis...

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Celadon Fish-Dragon Ewer, Goryeo Dynasty
A celadon fish-dragon ewer. 12th century CE, Goryeo Dynasty, Korea. (National Museum of Korea, Soul, South Korea)

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Liao Dynasty Map
A map indicating the territory controlled by the Liao dynasty (Khitans), 907-1125 CE.

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Family Tree of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (305-30 BCE)
This infographic illustrates the royal lineage of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, which ruled Egypt during the Hellenistic period (305–30 BCE). Founded by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, the dynasty is notable for elevating royal...

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The Barcid Dynasty of Carthage
This infographic illustrates the rise and influence of the Barcid Dynasty, a powerful Carthaginian family that shaped Carthage’s military and political strategy during the third century BCE. Active from circa 260 to 200 BCE, the Barcids played...