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White Huns (Hephthalites)
Definition by Muhammad Bin Naveed

White Huns (Hephthalites)

The White Huns were a race of largely nomadic peoples who were a part of the Hunnic tribes of Central Asia. They ruled over an expansive area stretching from the Central Asian lands all the way to the Western Indian Subcontinent. Although...
Religion in Ancient China
Article by Emily Mark

Religion in Ancient China

Religious practices in ancient China go back over 7,000 years. Long before the philosophical and spiritual teachings of Confucius and Lao-Tzu developed or before the teachings of the Buddha came to China, the people worshipped personifications...
Sima Qian
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sima Qian

Sima Qian (l. 145/135-86 BCE) was a court scribe, astrologer, and historian of the Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) of ancient China, famous for his historical work Records of the Grand Historian for which he is remembered as the Father of...
Gandhara Civilization
Definition by Muhammad Bin Naveed

Gandhara Civilization

The Gandhara Civilization existed in what is now Northern Pakistan and Afghanistan from the middle of the 1st millennium BCE to the beginning of the 2nd millennium CE. Although multiple major powers ruled over this area during that time...
Map of the Ming Dynasty of China, 1368-1644
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the Ming Dynasty of China, 1368-1644

The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) marked the restoration of native Han Chinese rule after the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). Founded by the Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang, reign 1368-1398), the Ming state reasserted centralized...
Family Tree of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (305-30 BCE)
Image by Simeon Netchev

Family Tree of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (305-30 BCE)

The Ptolemaic Dynasty (305–30 BCE) ruled Egypt during the Hellenistic age, emerging from the fragmentation of Alexander the Great’s empire after his death in 323 BCE. Founded by Ptolemy I Soter (reign 305–282 BCE), one of Alexander’s generals...
Julio-Claudian Dynasty of the Roman Empire
Image by Simeon Netchev

Julio-Claudian Dynasty of the Roman Empire

A depiction of the evolution of the first imperial dynasty of ancient Rome, the Julio-Claudians that began with Augustus (Julius Caesar's adopted son) and included the reigns of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. During their time, Rome...
Tang Dynasty Provinces c. 742 CE
Image by Yug

Tang Dynasty Provinces c. 742 CE

The provinces of the Tang Dynasty c. 742 CE. The Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE) is regularly cited as the greatest imperial dynasty in ancient Chinese history. It was a golden age of reform and cultural advancement, which lay the groundwork for...
The Civil Service Examinations of Imperial China
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Civil Service Examinations of Imperial China

The civil service examinations of Imperial China allowed the state to find the best candidates to staff the vast bureaucracy that governed China from the Han Dynasty onwards (206 BCE - 220 CE). The exams were a means for a young male of any...
New Kingdom of Egypt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

New Kingdom of Egypt

The New Kingdom (c. 1570- c.1069 BCE) is the era in Egyptian history following the disunity of the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782-1570 BCE) and preceding the dissolution of the central government at the start of the Third Intermediate...
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