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Cimbri
Definition by Ludwig Heinrich Dyck

Cimbri

The Cimbri were a tribe who lived in northern Jutland during the Roman era. Their ethnicity is enigmatic; scholars generally believe that the Cimbri were Germans, though others maintain that they were Celts. The late 2nd-century BCE migration...
Roman Bridge, Pont Julien
Image by Carole Raddato

Roman Bridge, Pont Julien

The Roman bridge Pont Julien in southern France is a three arched bridge built in 3 BCE over the Calavon river on the Via Domitia, an important Roman road that connected Italy and Spain through the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis.
Roman Empire in 117 CE
Image by Andrei nacu

Roman Empire in 117 CE

Map of the Roman Empire at its maximum extent in 117 CE, under the rule of Trajan.
Ancient Celts
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Celts

The ancient Celts were various tribal groups living in parts of western and central Europe in the Late Bronze Age and through the Iron Age (c. 700 BCE to c. 400 CE). Given the name Celts by ancient writers, these tribes and their culture...
A Linguistical Analysis of Ancient Celtic Languages
Article by Helene Perdicoyianni-Paleologou

A Linguistical Analysis of Ancient Celtic Languages

The Celtic languages form a branch of the Indo-European (IE) language family. They derive from Proto-Celtic and are divided into Continental Celtic languages (Lepontic, Gaulish, Galatian, Noric, Celtiberian, Gallaecian) and Insular Celtic...
Trade in Ancient Celtic Europe
Article by Mark Cartwright

Trade in Ancient Celtic Europe

Trade in raw materials and manufactured goods in ancient Celtic Europe was vibrant and far-reaching, particularly regarding the centre of the continent where there was a hub of well-established trade routes. As the Celts' territory expanded...
Vercingetorix
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Vercingetorix

Vercingetorix (82-46 BCE) was a Gallic chieftain who rallied the tribes of Gaul (modern-day France) to repel the Roman invasion of Julius Caesar in 52 BCE. His name means "Victor of a Hundred Battles" and was not his birth name but a title...
Massilia
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Massilia

Along the north-western coast of the Mediterranean Sea between Spain and Italy lies the ancient city of Massilia (modern Marseilles). Originally founded in 600 BCE by Ionian Greeks from Phocaea, the city would one day challenge the might...
Lutetia
Definition by Livius

Lutetia

Lutetia Parisiorum was the capital of the Parisii, a tribe in ancient Gaul. The Parisii were a tribe on the Middle Seine, and Lutetia ("place near a swamp") was one of their main settlements. It was on the south bank of the river. In 53 BCE...
Brennus
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Brennus

Brennus (c. 390 BCE) was the Gallic war chief of the Senones who sacked and occupied Rome in 390 BCE. Nothing is known of him outside of the accounts given of this event which immortalized him as coining the phrase, “Woe to the Vanquished”...
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